Hidden Flaws in Strategy - 4558 Words

Hidden flaws in strategy Charles Roxburgh The McKinsey Quarterly, 2003 Number 2 After nearly 40 years, the theory of business strategy is well developed and widely disseminated. Pioneering work by academics such as Michael E. Porter and Henry Mintzberg has established a rich literature on good strategy. Most senior executives have been trained in its principles, and large corporations have their own skilled strategy departments. Yet the business world remains littered with examples of bad strategies. Why? What makes chief executives back them when so much know-how is available? Flawed analysis, excessive ambition, greed, and other corporate vices are possible causes, but this article doesnt attempt to explore all of them. Rather, it looks†¦show more content†¦Participants are asked to offer not a precise figure but rather a range in which they feel 90 percent confidenceÂâ€"for example, the Nile is between 2,000 and 10,000 miles long. Time and again, participants walk into the same trap: rather than playing safe with a wide range, they give a narrow one and miss the right answer. (I scored 0 out of 15 on such a test, which was one of the triggers of my interest in this field!) Most of us are unwilling and, in fact, unable to reveal our ignorance by specifying a very wide range. Unlike John Maynard Keynes, most of us prefer being precisely wrong rather than vaguely right. We also tend to be overconfident of our own abilities.5 This is a particular problem for strategies based on assessments of core capabilities. Almost all financial institutions, for instance, believe their brands to be of above-average value. Related to overconfidence is the problem of overoptimism. Other than professional pessimists such as financial regulators, we all tend to be optimistic, and our forecasts tend toward the rosier end of the spectrum. The twin problems of overconfidence and overoptimism can have dangerous consequences when it comes to developing strategies, as most of them are based on estimates of what may happenÂâ€"too often on unrealistically precise and overoptimistic estimates of uncertainties. One leading investment bank sensibly tested its strategy against a pessimistic scenarioÂâ€"the market conditions of 1994, when a downturn lastedShow MoreRelatedThe Hidden Flaws Within Strategy847 Words   |  4 PagesEight Hidden Flaws in Strategy This article explores human omission by identifying the eight hidden flaws within strategy that we know from behavioral economics, which explains bad strategy. Our brain is normally overconfident about our abilities. We are usually overconfident about our personal abilities. This causes problems when our strategy is rooted through assessments of personal capabilities. For example, many financial institutions believe their brands are better than average. This mentalRead MoreA Book Drive By The Great Malcolm X1099 Words   |  5 Pages Strategy allowed myself to identify those flaws that may make me unsuccessful as mentioned by Pink in his book Drive. According to Pink, motivation involves internal and external factors that we harbor within our lives that drive our path for success and motivate us to do all we know and want to do. I allowed myself to enter this challenge and was very aware of the road that I chose to fulfill my destiny, for it is after all that no road bears dif ficulty. It’s those obstacles of which I haveRead MoreTaxing Multinational Corporations, U.s. And Foreign Governments862 Words   |  4 Pagesand find the hidden advantage in any tax law. For example it â€Å"attempts to limit the use of complex financial instruments to minimize tax bills† as well as having more focus on loans and how it can provide a deductible for more interest payments. 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ZeffirelliRead MoreA Book Drive By The Great Malcolm X814 Words   |  4 Pages Choosing a strategy allowed myself to identify those flaws that may make me unsuccessful as mentioned by Pink in his book Drive. According to Pink, motivation involves internal and external factors that we shelter within our lives that drive our path for success and motivate us to do all we know and want to do. I allowed myself to enter this challenge and was precisely aware of the road that I selected to fulfill my destiny, for it is after all that no road bears difficulties. It’s those obstaclesRead MoreWindows 10 : A Technological Innovation922 Words   |  4 Pagesgreatest improvements in the history of Microsoft Software. Windows 10 is totally a lifesaving technological innovation. Microsoft has strived to perfect a program that people want and it seems to have worked very well. Windows 7 and 8 had quite a few flaws with their systems and people were unhappy about it. The older software does not allow you to fully personalize the computer to your style. The worst part of it is that much of the software does not function well due to the operating system. WindowsRead MoreBehavioral Economics Deck1345 Words   |  6 PagesSource: â€Å"Predictably Irrational: The hidden forces that shape our decisions†, Dan Ariely, 2010 â€Å"Market Perceptions†, Harvard Business School, 2001 2 OVERCHOICE PARALYSIS SOLUTION: CHOICE REMOVAL CREATE CHOICE FILTERS To prevent the risk of overwhelming customers with options and hence, delaying a purchase, the strategy is to leverage a type of filter and narrow the list of choices. REFRAME CONVERSATIONS TO REMOVE CHOICE For parity products, the strategy used seems to reframe the problem inRead MoreThe Crucible by Arthur Miller993 Words   |  4 Pageswas not an option. Even though their harsh actions severely affected many people, they chose to forever stick to their story of dark desires and a hidden strategy. Every character has a flaw. There is always one simple imperfection in any character, even a story’s tragic hero. John Proctor was The Crucible’s tragic hero who had but one flaw, a fatal flaw. The secret sin between Abigail and John was the cause of his fatality. Abigail says, â€Å"I look for John Proctor that took me from my sleep and putRead MoreSexual Harassment At The Civil Rights Act1746 Words   |  7 Pagesarbitrarily defined timetable, but whenever the circumstances demand† (Ohm, 2010). This is to say that tech-specified laws should be constructed around the evolving nature of technology so as to find some amount of consistency otherwise abuse and flaws are subject to arise. â€Å"The modern surveillance state needs information, and left without proper oversight the analysis and agents in the field always seem to chose the path to more information and fewer administrative hurdles† (Ohm, 2010). ThereforeRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Dr. Gerald Graffs Hidden Intellectualism890 Words   |  4 Pageslearning from resources that they enjoy? This is exactly the argument Dr. Gerald Graff makes in his article Hidden Intellectualism, where Graff attempts to convince teachers to broaden the scope of school curriculum to accommodate street smarts and more popular topics. To persuade teachers that this method of teaching is effective, Graff uses personal anecdotes, diction, ethical strategies, and reasoning in his article. The majority of the essay consists of Graff speaking about his own experience

Clothes and Fashion Free Essays

A woman speak with a man about fashion and clothes. The man says than the fashion is a invention from clothes factories. The woman says that the fashion is necessary to people feel well The man prefers to wear the same clothes rye day The woman feel better when she wear a beautiful suit, and in each situation you must wear a different clothes. We will write a custom essay sample on Clothes and Fashion or any similar topic only for you Order Now The man things different clothes distinguish between poor people and rich people. I’m going to talk about clothes and fashion. There are two aspects which I want to highlight: the comfort and the appearance. The comfort is the main purpose of dress because the human race began to wear clothes when went out from the hot Africa and spreader over the World and colonized cold lands. They used lots of materials to do their dresses but in the beginning with the only objective that warm the body. On the other hand clothes has a mission, it is to show the personality, the humor, the owner to a certain social status or collective. For instance the uniform of the police, the robe of lawyers, prosecutor or Judges, or the Army. These are very import to distinguish or discriminate this people from others. When you are going to a party you must put on clothes different than you dress when you are working. The more happy you are the better clothed you wear. We used to wear dark clothes in funerals. If you had to facing in your work you should wear a suit. If you were a politician or a famous person you should dress up everyday well cause you could have a photo taken. I regretted very much don’t have known dress up in a very important situation when a was a young girl I had gone to a party but I didn’t liked to go there, I wearing a awful suit because my friends persuaded me to go there, and I didn’t want. When the party began to be boring, I was thinking going home, suddenly a stunning boy appeared, he was wearing a denim trousers, a beautiful blue cotton shirt with a denim collar ND he was tall and handsome; he seemed very kind with his friends but I couldn’t to approach him because I was wearing a awful loadstone’s suit from the times of my mother, I felt very angry with me, I thought â€Å"it is impossible that this person look at me†. How to cite Clothes and Fashion, Essays

Challenges of Outsourcing Business Function-Samples for Students

Question: Analyze the benefits and challenges of outsourcing the functions of the business to the third party. Answer: Introduction Outsourcing is considered as a process that is adopted by many organizations to minimize their expenses by transferring the business functions to the third party, instead of performing the functions internally. This strategy is taken into consideration by many companies so that operating costs can be reduced and also profitability can be enhanced. There are many business functions like manufacturing parts, human resources, marketing, and call centers. The companies that outsource their business functions are IBM, Hewlett package, and Kingston. This report will give focus on IBM regarding the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing a business function to another company. Project Objective The aim of the report is to analyze the benefits and challenges of outsourcing the functions of the business to the third party. IBM gives focus on outsourcing the business functions to another company so that the cost of operations can be reduced. It is seen that outsourcing business functions can result in loss also. The company outsourcing its business function can give negative outcome on the management and also the company can face the risk of data leak and also reduces the satisfaction level of customers. The main object of the report is to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing by taking into consideration IBM Company. Project Scope This report will discuss about the outsourcing done by IBM and many companies. The discussion is made about the failure and success of outsourcing. Also, the emphasis will be given to the benefits and drawbacks that company faces at the time of outsourcing the business functions. The strategies considered by the Company to outsource the business functions will also be discussed. This report will evaluate different concepts of outsourcing given by the market experts to determine the rewards and limitations. Literature Review Outsourcing is considered as a practice that is used by the companies so that efficiency can be enhanced by shifting tasks and jobs. The functions that are contracted out can be conducted by the third party onsite or offsite of the business. The functions are transferred to the third party organizations also. It is an important method that minimizes the cost that is considered by the companies globally and also developed countries considered this in an effective manner (Glaser, 2017). IBM is known as American international technology organization that is established in 1911. The company conducts the activities in computing, cloud programming and also in information technology industry. The company outsourced the business function to the third party company from India and Singapore that helps to enhance the core values. IBM has more than 40 data center that conducts the activities of the IT sector. Reasons for outsourcing Outsourcing is related to transfer the work and the duties to other organization. It also helps the companies to enhance their attention to the business activities and also guide them to gain a competitive advantage by minimizing their cost of operations. It is seen that companies have many options to outsource the activities. Example: By taking into consideration the Dhar paper (2012), it is seen that IBM transfers the whole process by analyzing the management of an IT system and also they conduct the support for the end users internally. The strategy of outsourcing in the IBM gives emphasis on attaining the improved customer service quality and also reduces the operation cost. It assists the company in creating permanent and temporary provisions for employment, skilled labor and also enhances the product designs. At the time of formulating the strategies for outsourcing, the company should analyze the potential grounds and should also give focus on the functions of the business that are outsourced. IBM outsources the following functions like Human resource management, service management, technical process, call centers and legal procedures. Advantages Outsourcing is one the function which gives benefit to the business and also assists them to gain competitive advantage. In the recent scenario, there are many large companies that have taken into consideration outsourcing as an important part of conducting the activities of the business. There are also many advantages that are availed by the company through the process of outsourcing the business activities or functions of the organization (Childress et al., 2014). Focus on the core business By outsourcing the activities, IBM gives focus on the elements of their business. The outsourcing helps the company to implement all the resources in an effective manner and also enhance the functions of the business. According to Han and Mithas (2013), The Company gives emphasis on manufacturing the computer hardware and also transfers the information technology services to the other company. This helps IBM to conduct the activities in an effective manner. IBM attained the same benefit by outsourcing the business function like IT Services globally. It has enhanced the hardware quality as the activities are not interrupted by the activities conducted on the daily basis. Cost saving There are many operational costs that are minimized by outsourcing the business functions like salary expenses, workplace expense and also many expenses that are concerned with the workplace. It assists the company in gaining the cost advantage by giving focus on the competitors (Harmon, 2015). Skill Acquisition The companies outsource their business activities to other companies who have specialization in a particular field. The employees of the organization have proper skilled and technical knowledge that helps to perform the task in a proper manner. It directly gives impact on enhancing the efficiency and also the quality of the functions or the activities that are outsourced. The company also attained the benefits by outsourcing the IT services to the 40 data services globally (Mukherjee, 2017). In the research Sekaran and Bougie (2016), it is seen that Tesco outsourced the work instead of giving training to the employees of the organization regarding the latest technology. It helps the company in minimizing the time and expenses to conduct the operations and also to gain competitive advantage. Customer satisfaction The advantage of outsourcing gives impact on enhancing the satisfaction level of the customers as it is evaluated that the work is outsourced by the experts of the company. When the company outsourced the activities it is seen that the company faced the problem of conducting the activities with the high quality of the products. If the Employee is not able to conduct the activities due to any reason then it is seen that company has to appoint someone else so that the work can be finished properly (Eggert et al., 2017). It is evaluated that IBM has more than 3, 80,000 employees who are conducting their day to day operations. There are a number of employees who are working in the call centers situated in India and Singapore. It helps the company to offer 24 hours services to its customers. The organization takes into consideration high rate of customer satisfaction with the help of data centers. Operational efficiency Outsoaring helps the company to enhance the efficiency at the workplace. This allows in maintaining proper quality in the organization. The emphasis is also given by the employees so that the activities can be conducted properly. IBM has given proper infrastructure that helps to give emphasis on the objectives and also to supervise the data centers of the organization. Risk sharing When the company takes into the process of outsourcing it is evaluated that company allows sharing the business risks with other companies. Outsourcing is a contract the force the companies to offer good quality products and services to its customers. When the charge is given to other company to operate the activities and if they fail to conduct the activities properly then the company who outsources the operations can charge or can sue them in court. This assists the companies to share risks and also compels the company to offer good quality products and services. IBM takes into consideration this policy so that the quality can be maintained and also the risk can be shared with the other organization (Field, 2013). Drawbacks By giving focus on advantages it is evaluated that there are many drawbacks also in outsourcing the process. By outsourcing the activities, it can give negative impact on the company or the companies face various problems at the time of outsourcing the business activities (Spohrer, 2017). Hidden Expenses At the time of outsourcing the functions of business, it is seen that the company take into consideration various rules and policies of the various organizations and countries. Of the activities are outsourced then it takes a charge of outsourcing but the organization can also face various issues related to hidden expenses. For verifying the outsourcing agreement there are many rules and policies that the organization has to consider so that the activities can be conducted smoothly. By giving emphasis on market regulations of India it is evaluated that the company consider the new rules and policies and also implement in the organizational structure (Drucker, 2017). Replication It is seen that outsourcing is one of the easy replicates by the companies. One company can attain a competitive advantage by outsourcing the activities by its competitors and can also apply the strategy to the business model. Example: It is evaluated that IBM minimized the cost by outsourcing their IT services but the competitors attained the same benefits as well as from Dell. The strategy of outsourcing also introduces the new competition for the companies since it is taken into consideration by various it companies (Tunisini and Sebastiani, 2015). Managerial control By taking into consideration the outsourcing agreement, a company transfers its responsibilities and rights to the third party. The company takes into consideration managerial control that is essential so that the activities can be transferred in a proper manner. The outsourcing company might not conduct the work according to the principle of the organizations and also they have many clients that minimize their emphasis on the organizational tasks. IBM also faced the same issues many times since the data centers of the company are located in Malaysia, India, and Singapore, so proper control is essential to be considered. Safety and confidentiality The data is one of the important elements for the organization and if it is leaked it can create a negative impact on the revenue of the business. According to Kshetri (2014), it is seen that to outsource the activities can be the major drawback for the company. The company has to share their ideas and also the data with the other company. It can result in leakage of the data or the confidentiality information of the company. IBM faces the huge risks related to the confidentiality of the information with the clients and also with the data centers to offer proper services. Poor regulations of one data center can also leak important information of the clients which could give negative impact on the organization (Maglio and Spohrer, 2013). Quality Risk According to Hribar, Kravea, and Wilson (2014), outsourcing is considered as a business that gives direct impact on the reputation and standard of the quality of an organization. Let's consider an example; if the damaged occurs on the faulty part that is manufactured by the outsourced organization, then the direct impact is given to the image of the company. The company could charge outsourcing of the expenses but affects is seen in the image of the company. Language obstacles According to Bickerton (2016) when the company outsources the activities of the call center, then the major issue that takes place is related to the language. If the language barrier takes place then it can enhance the dissatisfaction level of the consumers. There are many consumers who get frustrated at the time of dealing with an operator. IBM outsourced the work to Malaysia and also in Singapore. Lay-offs The research of Bordeman, Kannan, and Pinheiro (2014), states that at the time of outsourcing the business activities the company dismisses the employees who are working in the organization. When the company considers the planned process, then it is seen that layoffs are unavoidable. This can give negative impact on the employees who are working in the organization. By considering IBM it is evaluated that 5,000 employees in the next few months are dismissed. The decision that is taken has given effect on the image of the company also the productivity level is reduced. Impact of Outsourcing It is seen that IBM has attained a great advantage over its competitors by outsourcing the activities to the third party. IBM has given effect to the customer's services and resources to make proper decisions. IBM conducted a proper investigation through their scientists over more than 56 competitors and also with the 38 Non-IBM clients. The study evaluated that there should be the proper relationship between outsourcing of the IT services and also the business functions should be improved (Kotlarsky et al., 2016). According to the research, there are many advantages of outsourcing that has given impact on the following elements of the business. Future advantages: The outsourcing of activities has given impact on the benefits. It is seen that the outsourcing of agreement enhance the profits and also the positive impact is analyzed on the income and growth of the company. Income before interest and taxes: There are many companies in which the growth is analyzed in the income as a comparison is made with the competitors. According to Schniederjans, Schniederjans, and Schniederjans (2015), the research showed that the benefit of outsourcing the IT functions of the business. IBM has attained success in outsourcing the activities by introducing the proper strategies and considering the latest technology. IBM gives focus on enhancing the image and productivity level in a proper manner. If the comparison is made with the competitors then it is evaluated that customer satisfaction is important and high in IBM. The strategy of the IBM considered has given success and enhance the market share of the company. It is also evaluated that it assists to enhance the efficiency globally. Conclusion By analyzing the report it is seen that there are various companies that outsource the activities. This offers them many advantages and also enhances the customer service. IBM is one of the successful companies in outsourcing the activities to other company. Before outsourcing it is important to create clear guidelines so that the process of outsourcing can be successful References Bickerton, D. (2016).Roots of language(p. 284). Language Science Press. Bordeman, A., Kannan, B., Pinheiro, R. (2014). Intra Industry Contagion Effects of layoff Announcements.Unpublished Manuscript. Childress, R. L., Crawford, C. H., Kumhyr, D. B., Magnone, P. F., Pennell, N. (2014).U.S. Patent No. 8,917,744. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Drucker, P. F. (2017).The Theory of the Business (Harvard Business Review Classics). Harvard Business Press. Eggert, A., Boehm, E., Cramer, C. (2017). Business service outsourcing in manufacturing firms: an event study.Journal of Service Management, (just-accepted), 00-00. Field, A. (2013).Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. Sage. Glaser, B. (2017).Discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Routledge. Harmon, P. (2015). The scope and evolution of business process management. InHandbook on business process management 1(pp. 37-80). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Hribar, P., Kravet, T., Wilson, R. (2014). A new measure of accounting quality.Review of Accounting Studies,19(1), 506-538. Kotlarsky, J., Rivard, S., Oshri, I. (2016). On a Supplier's Paradoxical Practices: The Case of Technological Innovations in Outsourcing Engagements. Kshetri, N. (2014). Big data? s impact on privacy, security and consumer welfare.Telecommunications Policy,38(11), 1134-1145. Maglio, P. P., Spohrer, J. (2013). A service science perspective on business model innovation.Industrial Marketing Management,42(5), 665-670. Mukherjee, S. (2017). Collaborative governance strategies for a strategic offshore IT outsourcing engagement.Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing,10(2). Schniederjans, M. J., Schniederjans, A. M., Schniederjans, D. G. (2015).Outsourcing and insourcing in an international context. Routledge. Sekaran, U., Bougie, R. (2016).Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley Sons. Spohrer, J. (2017). IBM's service journey: A summary sketch.Industrial Marketing Management,60, 167-172. Tunisini, A., Sebastiani, R. (2015). Innovative and networked business functions: customer-driven procurement.Journal of Business Industrial Marketing,30(3/4), 302-311.

Organizational Change in Project Control Department

Executive Summary Organizational change in project control is inevitable because change is the only constant element in project management. This study acknowledges that organizational change can have serious effects in the outcome of projects, in the construction industry because it can lead to increased project costs, poor schedule adherence and poor project quality.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Change in Project Control Department specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, this study notes that change management is important in the construction industry and project managers ought to evaluate their alternatives in dealing with the same. Depending on the nature of the construction project, the alternatives for selecting the best change management tool is open, but the criterion is subject to further investigation Introduction Change is often inevitable within any given organizational context . However, managing such change is a big problem and in this regard, organizations often experience a lot of difficulty trying to initiate change within project management processes (Carnegie 2007). This difficulty inhibits a project’s ability to transform from a current state to a future desired state of operations. The initiation of change is often a byproduct of extensive research in a project’s operations, to determine how it can be improved in future processes. In project management, the project manager often has a task of anticipating future changes and developing a contingency plan to establish how the change will affect the organization and what effective ways can be implemented to achieve project success. This study analyses organizational change in project control management and how it has an impact in the outcome of the construction industry. Organizational Problem The construction industry has for a long time remained a project-based industry (Hao, Shen and Neelamkavil 2008). In this regard, the construction industry has been subject to project management processes, such as risk assessment; planning cost estimation; bidding and similar project management processes (Collins 1998). Regardless of these processes, decisions about the construction project still have to be made, based on incomplete information regarding the project management process.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This fact often subjects project management in the construction industry to several changes; and in this regard, change stands out as the common denominator in many construction project management processes (despite the varying scope and complexity of construction projects) (Kotter 1996). In this regard, the construction industry has often experienced several project changes, brought about by changing technology, changing consumer needs and the likes (Li entz 2001). Often, these changes are unanticipated, and they have severe effects on the project management process, in form of project delays, an upsurge of project costs, poor quality of construction standards and the likes. In fact, it is estimated that reworking a project to remedy the effects of an unplanned change can cause an increase of between 10% and 15% of the construction costs (Kotter 1996). Such project eventualities normally cause dissatisfaction to project clients and this fact cannot be better explained, than through the assertion by Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, U.K. that: â€Å"More than a third of major clients are dissatisfied with contractors’ performance in keeping to the quoted price and to time, resolving defects, and delivering a final product of the required quality† (Kotter 1996, p. 1). The above institution further goes ahead to explain that: â€Å"the clients’ dissatisfaction is due to the fact that, over 50% o f construction projects suffer from delays and over-spending, while more than 30% of the completed projects have quality defects. Furthermore, some 30% of construction is rework† (Kotter 1996, p. 1). From the above assertions, we see that changes in construction project management have been poorly managed because of the high frequency of technology change and the complexity and messiness of the construction industry (Schwalbe 2009). In support of this fact, existing literature on project change management often cite the complexity of the construction industry, as demanding a blend of several strategies to effectively manage change (Ross Consulting Inc 2009). For example, some literatures propose that change in the construction industry cannot be solely solved through collaborative problem solving (Kotter 1996).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Change in Project Control Department specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From this analysis, we see that there is a need for effective project change management in the construction industry. This study therefore seeks to establish how best such change management can be developed and implemented. Strategic Issues and Organizational Change The issue of knowledge sharing in organizational project change control has been advanced as a change management tool (Senaratne and Sexton 2008, p. 1303). Whenever organizations are faced with the problem of change management, the common strategy advanced among project managers today, is to facilitate knowledge sharing, where people have a forum to deliberate on the implications of the project change, and devise ways they can effectively overcome such changes (Reed 2004). The management of change in the construction industry has not been any different from the above trend; except for the fact that, pragmatic on site problem solving is applied, as opposed to other conventional methods of problem solv ing. Unfortunately, this strategy has been poorly adopted by most managers in the construction industry (Senaratne and Sexton 2008, p. 1303). A good example of organizational change in the construction industry is the rapid change of organizational structure, where new methods of operations are quickly being evidenced in the management of project construction works (Kuriger 2004). For instance, new activities such as: the extension of the subcontracting chain; more self employment strategies among project team members; less training programs in the project management process and the rampant casualization of work have tremendously changed the way project management is carried out, and it is unfortunate that, project managers have not embraced these changes with the right strategies (Rosewarne 2011). A strategy such as knowledge sharing is a useful strategy to cope with such organizational changes, but other alternatives still exist (De wit and Meyer 2005).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion and Recommendations This study acknowledges that, the construction industry is not immune to organizational change, and if such changes are not effectively managed, they can cause significant delays in the delivery of project outcomes. However, the ways to manage such changes are diverse and may be tricky for each project manager, depending on the dynamics of the construction project in question. This is the basis used by this study to propose effective change management strategies, like knowledge-based processes. However, there are other strategies to be used in change management for the construction industry and they can be effectively used to minimize the negative effects of organizational (or project) changes in the construction industry. However, to adopt the best change management tool, a thorough selection of the existent change management tools ought to be established, to determine the best tool that fits the project need (Grant 2007). This strategy should be adop ted by all project managers. The effectiveness of the change management strategies and their subsequent impact on the outcome of the construction industry however need to be investigated further. References Carnegie, D. (2007) How To Win Friends And Influence People. South Dakota, vermillion. Collins, D. (1998) Organizational Change: Sociological Perspectives. London, Routledge. De wit, B. and Meyer, R. (2005) Strategy Synthesis: Resolving Strategy Paradoxes to  Crete Competive Advantage. London, Thomson. Grant, R.M. (2007) Contemporary Strategic Analysis. Oxford, Blackwell. Hao, Q., Shen, W. and Neelamkavil, J. (2008) Managing Changes in Construction. (Online) Web. Kotter, J (1996) Leading Change. Cambridge, MA, Harvard Business Press. Kuriger, C. (2004) Organizational Change: Case Studies in the Real World. New York, Universal-Publishers. Lientz, B. (2001) Breakthrough Technology Project Management. London, Butterworth- Heinemann. Reed, P. (2004) Extraordinary Leadership: Creati ng Strategies for Change. London, Kogan Page. Rosewarne, S. (2011) Organizational Change in Australian Building and  Construction: Rethinking a Unilinear ‘Leaning’ Discourse. (Online) Available at:  https://ideas.repec.org/a/taf/conmgt/v27y2009i11p1111-1128.html . Ross Consulting Inc. (2009) Managing Organizational Change. (Online) Available at:  http://www.ross-consulting.com/new_page_21.htm . Schwalbe, K. (2009) Information Technology Project Management. London, Cengage Learning. Senaratne, S. and Sexton, M. (2008) Managing Construction Project Change: A Knowledge Management Perspective. Construction Management and Economics, 26, 1303–1311. This essay on Organizational Change in Project Control Department was written and submitted by user Selah Vang to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Beneficios migratorios de matrimonio con puertorriqueño

Beneficios migratorios de matrimonio con puertorriqueà ±o Cuando una persona extranjera se casa con un puertorriqueà ±o, en la Isla o en uno de los 50 estados de la Unià ³n Americana, produce los mismos efectos migratorios que casarse con un nativo de Iowa o Texas o con un ciudadano que adquirià ³ la nacionalidad por naturalizacià ³n. Desde el punto de vista legal en todos los casos dichos se trata de lo mismo: matrimonio con un ciudadano americano. Aunque Puerto Rico tiene estatus de Territorio o Commonwealth, su gente es ciudadana americana desde el momento de su nacimiento.   Resaltar, adems, que  la ley de inmigracià ³n que aplica en Puerto Rico es la de Estados Unidos. Efectos migratorios de matrimonio con un puertorriqueà ±o Los puertorriqueà ±os que se casan con una persona extranjera pueden solicitar para sus cà ³nyuges la green card o tarjeta de residencia permanente por matrimonio. Esto aplica tanto a matrimonios entre un varà ³n y una mujer como al conformado por dos personas del mismo sexo.   El matrimonio puede haberse celebrado en Puerto Rico, Estados Unidos o en cualquier otro paà ­s, siempre y cuando sea vlido. Tener en cuenta que si un ciudadano inicia la  tramitacià ³n para pedir a su cà ³nyuge, puede cancelar la solicitud  en cualquier momento del proceso, si cree que realmente  no est tan enamorado  como creà ­a o que la otra persona quiere ms a los papeles que al novio/a. La peticià ³n de la green card para un cà ³nyuge siempre se inicia con el Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Naturalizacià ³n (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Dependiendo del lugar en el que se encuentre el cà ³nyuge para el que se piden los papeles, se puede seguir uno de los 2 trmites siguientes: ajuste de estatus si ya est en Estados Unidos y sus territorios y puede ajustar su estatus. En este caso se puede presentar conjuntamente la peticià ³n de cà ³nyuge y el ajuste de estatus.procedimiento consular, para cuando el cà ³nyuge pedido est fuera de Estados Unidos y sus territorios o cuando sà ­ est presente en EE.UU. pero no puede ajustar su estatus. Por ejemplo, si est como indocumentado e ingresà ³ al paà ­s cruzando ilegalmente la frontera. Si el cà ³nyuge extranjero tiene hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os, el puertorriqueà ±o puede pedir una green card para estos  hijastros, presentando una solicitud diferente para cada menor que se desea pedir. Adems, si la green card se obtiene antes de cumplir los 2 aà ±os de casado, el cà ³nyuge pedido recibir una tarjeta de residencia no permanente y est obligado a levantar la condicionalidad al cumplirse dos aà ±os desde que recibià ³ la tarjeta verde. Finalmente, despuà ©s de tres aà ±os casado, el extranjero puede solicitar adquirir la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense por naturalizacià ³n. Problemas que pueden surgir en la tramitacià ³n de la green card por matrimonio En una peticià ³n de esposos bsicamente pueden aparecer 4 problemas: Que el solicitante no pueda hacerlo porque cometià ³ en el pasado ciertos delitos que lo incapacitan para pedir a un familiar. Son los llamados Adam Walsh.Que el solicitante no tenga  recursos econà ³micos suficientes para patrocinar  y no encuentra copatrocinador.Que el USCIS no se cree que el matrimonio es de verdad.  Estas son preguntas tà ­picas  que sirven a los oficiales de inmigracià ³n para determinar si el casamiento es de verdad o se trata de uno fraudulento para obtener los papeles.Que la persona extranjera para la que se piden los papeles tiene en sus circunstancia al menos una que  va a hacer que la peticià ³n se deniegue  por considerar que es inadmisible para los Estados Unidos. En este à ºltimo caso caben varias posibilidades, pero es muy importante entender que estar casado con un ciudadano, en este caso un puertorriqueà ±o, no da derecho a arreglar los papeles si no se cumplen todos los requisitos legales. Por ejemplo, un indocumentado que ingresà ³ a Estados Unidos cruzando ilegalmente la frontera no puede ajustar el estatus en el paà ­s. Y, si inicia los trmites, tendr que salir a una entrevista a un consulado estadounidense y en el momento en el que sale aplica el castigo o penalidad de los 3 o de los 10 aà ±os  por presencia ilegal.  Y a partir de ahà ­, todo son problemas. Por eso es fundamental antes de iniciar los trmites asesorarse adecuadamente para saber si se puede arreglar los papeles o si van a surgir problemas graves. Adems, saber cundo es posible solicitar un waiver, tambià ©n conocido como perdà ³n, para arreglar el problema y cundo ni siquiera la ley permite hacerlo. Opciones para novios Cualquier ciudadano americano que està © pensando en casarse en Estados Unidos  con su novio/a extranjero que reside en otro paà ­s puede considerar la opcià ³n de una peticià ³n de visa K-1 para prometidos (fiancà ©). En este caso la boda tendrà ­a que producirse dentro de los 90 dà ­as siguientes al ingreso del novio extranjero a Estados Unidos o Puerto Rico. La posibilidad de pedir una visa K-1 sà ³lo beneficia a ciudadanos americanos, no pueden solicitarla los residentes permanentes legales. Estos sà ­ pueden pedir a sus cà ³nyuges, pero ya deben haber contraà ­do matrimonio. Por el contrario, si un novio extranjero sà ³lo desea visitar a su enamorado boricua, entonces la visa a pedir es la de turista, a menos que se pertenezca a un paà ­s del Programa de Exencià ³n de Visados y la duracià ³n de la estancia sea inferior a 90 dà ­as. Viajar a Puerto Rico Documentacià ³n que se necesita para visitar Puerto Rico, desde otro paà ­s o desde uno de los estados de Estados Unidos. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

The Origin of Wildfires and How They Are Caused

The Origin of Wildfires and How They Are Caused It is interesting to note that, of the four billion years of earths existence, conditions were not conducive for spontaneous wildfire until the last 400 million years. A naturally-occurring atmospheric fire did not have the chemical elements available until major several earth changes occurred. The earliest life forms emerged without needing oxygen (anaerobic organisms) to live about 3.5 billion years ago and lived in a carbon dioxide based atmosphere. Life forms that needed oxygen in small amounts (aerobic) came much later in the form of photosynthesizing blue-green algae and ultimately changed the earths atmospheric balance toward oxygen and away from carbon dioxide (co2). Photosynthesis increasingly dominated earths biology by initially creating and continuously increasing the earths percentage of oxygen in the air. Green plant growth then exploded and aerobic respiration became the biologic catalyst for terrestrial life. Around 600 million years ago and during the Paleozoic, conditions for natural combustion started developing with increasing speed. Wildfire Chemistry Fire needs fuel, oxygen, and heat to ignite and spread. Wherever forests grow, the fuel for forest fires is provided mainly by continued biomass production along with the resulting fuel load  of that vegetative growth. Oxygen is created in abundance by the photosynthesizing process of living green organisms so it is all around us in the air. All that is needed then is a source of heat to provide the exact chemistry combinations for a flame. When these natural combustibles (in the form of wood, leaves, brush) reach 572 º, gas in the steam given off reacts with oxygen to reach its flash point with a burst of flame. This flame then preheats surrounding fuels. In turn, other fuels heat up and the fire grows and spreads. If this spreading process is not controlled, you have a wildfire or uncontrolled forest fire. Depending on the geographic condition of the site and the vegetative fuels present, you might call these brush fires, forest fires, sage field fires, grass fires, woods fires, peat fires, bush fires, wildland fires, or veld fires. How Do Forest Fires Start? Naturally caused forest fires are usually started by dry lightning where little to no rain accompanies a stormy weather disturbance. Lightning randomly strikes the earth an average of 100 times each second or 3 billion times every year and has caused some of the most notable wildland fire disasters  in the western United States. Most lightning strikes occur in the North American southeast and southwest. Because they often occur in isolated locations with limited access, lightning fires burn more acres than human-caused starts. The average 10-year total of U.S. wildfire acres burned and caused by humans is 1.9 million acres where  2.1 million acres burned are lightning-caused. Still, human fire activity is the primary cause of wildfires, with nearly ten times the start rate of natural starts. Most of these human-caused fires are accidental, usually caused by carelessness or inattention by campers, hikers, or others traveling through wildland or by debris and garbage burners. Some are intentionally set by arsonists. Some human-caused fires are started to reduce heavy fuel buildup and used as a forest management tool. This is called a controlled or prescribed burn and used for wildfire fire fuel reduction, wildlife habitat enhancement, and debris clearing. They are not included in the above statistics and ultimately reduce wildfire numbers by reducing conditions that contribute to wildfire and forest fires. How Does Wildland Fire Spread? The three primary classes of wildland fires are surface, crown, and ground fires. Each classification  intensity depends on the quantity and types of fuels involved and their moisture content. These conditions have an effect on fire intensity and will determine how fast the fire will spread. Surface fires typically burn readily but at a low intensity and partially consume the entire fuel layer while presenting little danger to mature trees and root systems. Fuel buildup over many years will increase intensity and especially when associated with drought, can become a rapidly spreading ground fire. Regular controlled fire or prescribed burning effectively reduces the fuel buildup leading to a damaging ground fire.Crown fires generally result from intense rising ground fire heat and occur in the higher sections of draping trees. The resulting ladder effect causes hot surface or ground fires to climb the fuels into the canopy. This can increase the chance for embers to blow and branches to fall into unburned areas and increase the spread the fire.Ground fires are the most infrequent type of fire but make for very intense blazes that can potentially destroy all vegetation and organic manner, leaving only bare earth. These largest fires actually create their own winds and weat her, increasing the flow of oxygen and feeding the fire.

Marcus aurelius and septimus Severus and there involvement during the Research Paper

Marcus aurelius and septimus Severus and there involvement during the fall of the roman empire - Research Paper Example Emperor Verus went to lead the campaigns in the east however, the situation was tough. The Campaign leadership was left to Roman empires and to Marcus back in the Roman Empire. The return of Verus and his troops came with a devastating plague racking the empire which was then attacked at the North by Germanic tribes. During the fight with the Germanic tribes, Emperor Verus was attacked by the plague and died leaving Marcus as the sole emperor. Later the Marcomanni and Quadi tribes launched their assault to Danube. Marcus and his armies due to the plague had trouble in maintaining control. However, harsh conditions were affecting his forces. Though his reign was constantly affected by gruesome wars, he still worked on Governmental affairs. Marcus was of little faith and to him Christians were just fanatical martyrs who stubbornly failed to work for the empire. In AD 175, the empire experienced another tragedy followed by a bad fortune according to Winkler (68). The emperor became ill during his Danube campaign and rumor came that he was dead. This almost led to civil wars in the country. To avoid the situation occurring again, he appointed his son Commodus as his co-emperor. The Danube wars seemed to take long, Marcus and his son left for north to lead the troops.

When should we discard explanations that are intuitively appealing Essay - 1

When should we discard explanations that are intuitively appealing - Essay Example To facilitate the answer to this question, we will discuss and investigate the three key ways of knowing. This entails sense, reason, and perception. There will also be an analysis on intuition’s reliability, as it will enhance its comprehension (see Barrett). Personal demonstration is an ideal answer to this question. This is because was previously addicted to Oreos. There have sugar and fat content of 60%. As a result of my justification, I ate in large quantities. After detail research, I discovered that they contain 2% vitamin C, 4% vitamin A, and 10% of calcium. From this analysis, is evident that, Oreos are highly nutritious, hence intuitively appealing. This was the reason behind my consumption, in reference to the supporting information. However, despite the fact that the study shows that Oreos are nutritious, it is satisfactory that they are healthy. This is as a result of the sugar content among its ingredients. This was an ideal practical example of a situation where intuition was appealing, but on the other hand, it was totally wrong. Regardless of the fact that various situations call for straightforward answers, there should be a detailed explanation before one takes a different turn (see Nabisco Cookies). In reference to the above discussion, intuition is appealing. However, in relation with John Kord Lagemann, a famous author, argues that intuition is not an enemy of reason but it ally. This gives an allegation that suggests that intuition appeals rising from reason should not be given the same treatment as the other intuitions. An example connecting to this theory is the controversy that exists between The Big bang and Creationism. The two theories are bas on intuition; however, they are also based on detailed reasoning. The difference comes in the meaning and interpretation of the theories. Creationism states that there are impossibilities

Letter to Congress Essay Example for Free

Letter to Congress Essay My name is Vanessa, I am a Registered Nurse currently enrolled in the BSN program at University of Phoenix. I am writing this letter to identify a healthcare bill and discuss its impact on direct service delivery in the public healthcare setting. The letter also presents the cons and pros of the bill, in addition to summarizing the impact of the bill on healthcare coverage and patient care. The aim of the letter is to request your support for the bill. The healthcare bill that needs your support in order to ensure successful implementation and improved healthcare services delivery is a bill that offers healthcare coverage for illegal immigrants not covered by the Affordable Care Act. The Bill is called Healthcare for All. State Senator Ricardo Lara (D-33) sponsors it. The bill aims to extend healthcare insurance coverage to people not covered in the ACA Act (Russ, 2014). The most important aspect of the bill is that it seeks to ensure that healthcare is affordable and accessible to all people in the country. The bill is motivated by the fact that failure to provide coverage will create gaps in service delivery. It requires your support because it targets to lower the rates of uninsured citizens through the expansion of healthcare insurance coverage. It is important to note that several pros are associated with the bill. Some of the pros of the Act include introduction of mechanisms such as mandates, subsidies and insurance exchang es to illegal immigrants. The strategy assures that illegal immigrants in States such as California will receive the same healthcare insurance plans afforded to citizens of California. Under this bill, illegal immigrants will be given premium cost sharing reductions and subsidies. The mechanisms increase the coverage and  affordability of healthcare insurance. The bill dubbed Healthcare for All will provide coverage to uninsured residents through the expansion of the existing Act (Russ, 2014). Additionally, it will create new healthcare insurance exchanges, which will enable undocumented people to purchase coverage. The objective of the bill is to create a healthy state where everyone can access affordable and quality healthcare coverage. Under the Bill, undocumented people will qualify for Medicaid coverage that has been fully paid by the state. The bill presents a required solution that addresses inadequate compensation systems and inefficiencies of state healthcare systems. The bill needs your support because it will offer two options to the undocumented immigrants. The first option is the extension of Medicaid to people, who earn below the poverty level. The second option is insurance exchange to people who earn above the poverty level. It will help in minimizing overcrowding in emergency rooms. The main disadvantage of the Act is that it creates new taxes, particularly on citizens. Providing illegal immigrants in California with healthcare insurance is an expensive venture because it will force citizens to pay more taxes in order to address the healthcare needs of illegal immigrants (Russ, 2014). Based on these findings, I request your support for the bill. It is clear that the pros of the bill will improve healthcare service delivery in a holistic manner without the need to discriminate against the illegal immigrants. Supporting the bill shows your constituents and public that you seek to improve the healthcare sector and service delivery. The main impact of the bill is the reduction of the number of uninsured people. Your support is needed in order for Congress to pursue solutions to practical problems that millions of Americans face. Thank you for your time. Sincerely References Jonas, S., Goldsteen, R. L., Goldsteen, K., Jonas, S. (2013). Jonas introduction to the U.S. health care system. New York: Springer Pub. Co. Russ, K. (2014). California Senator Offers Controversial Bill To Cover Healthcare Costs For Illegal Immigrants Not Covered By ACA. Justice Foundation in Defense of Veterans. Los Angeles.

The Media and Mass Misinterpretation of Islam Essay -- Argumentative P

The Media and Mass Misinterpretation of Islam As the cross is the symbol of Christianity, the Star of David the symbol of Judaism, the Crescent Moon and Star are supposedly the symbols of Islam. Islam at its core is a peaceful religion, which like many other religions over the ages has at times been misunderstood not only as to the values it preaches, but also in relation to its core beliefs. Although in today’s post September 11th world Islam and its followers, who are also known as Muslims, tend to be associated with acts of terrorism, the Middle East and anti-American beliefs, Islam at its core is radically different than what most people perceive it to be. Being the fastest-growing religion in the world, Islam’s 1.2 billion practitioners reside throughout the hemispheres. Although generally linked with the Middle East, Muslims can be found residing throughout Asia, Europe, Africa, Australia and even in the Americas. The fact that Islam is such a profound religion in terms of size and influence can be very deceiving. For example, amongst Roman Catholics if there is a dispute regarding Catholic tradition, morals, symbols, or teachings, all of these issues could and often are addressed by the Vatican. However, within Islam there is no such thing as a central authoritative body which can resolve disputes, manage problems, etc. Thus when most non-Muslims see violence or acts of terror inflicted on a group of people by Muslims, who often boldly state that what they have done is in the name of their religion, no central body exists which one can go to in an effort to see if this religion really is one of violence or peace. Within Islam’s holy book or Quran, which is akin to our largely Christian-based culture’s Bible, ... ...s a radically different religion that what most people perceive it to be. Due to the fact that through today’s â€Å"media rich† world billions of people world-wide are exposed to the opinions of a daring few, the views we have regarding groups of people as well as individuals themselves can often be misconstrued. In the case of the Muslim religion, a lack of a central authoritative body within the religion itself, general historical misconceptions as well as those recent ones promoted by the media have led the majority of the non-Muslim world to a mass misinterpretation of Islam, its followers and their beliefs. Works Cited About.com. Crescent Moon: Symbol of Islam? http://islam.about.com/library/weekly/aa060401a.htm Discover Islam. http://www.discoverislam.com/ Stevenson, Seth. Islam? A Peaceful Religion. 24 Oct. 2001 http://slate.msn.com/?id=117525

The Children’s Health Fund of New York City

The Children’s Health Fund is a national non-profit organization that was founded on providing health care to the nation’s needy and underprivileged children. The CHF began over 25 years ago by reaching out to homeless kids in New York City and delivering health care through a mobile medical clinic (MMC) driven around the city to locations and neighborhoods seeking out children to provide basic health care to.Over the years, the organization has expanded across the country with MMCs in different cities with the CHF offering a full range of programs, from not only children healthcare, but healthcare for needy families, health education and preventative care, to the diagnosis and management of acute and chronic diseases (â€Å"Health Care for Kids† n. d. ). More recently, the CHF and MMCs have expanded their service to include mobile clinics in response following national disasters and crisis events.The CHF and the mobile health care service it provides has had its number of challenges in implementation over the years. With the main challenge of reaching out and expanding coverage to help those of need, there are several other areas that challenge the organization and its operation. The MMCs face the challenge of accommodating the proper amount of space and medical equipment needed to provide high quality healthcare. This challenge is a goal of each MMC to provide a central home for individuals to receive care and come back to for continued treatment.With this concept presents another challenge in that each MMC need of keeping up to date, and secure medical records for those who visit, so that they may continue to come back for care and treatment when the MMC comes back to their neighborhood or area (Brown, DeHayes, Hoffer, Martin, & Perkins, 2012). In order to accomplish the goals of meeting these challenges, the CHF must have network systems that can support the operations of running medical equipment and communications networks needed to o perate a MMC.That is why over the years CHF has been working to continue to upgrade and keep their MMCs up to date with the latest technology and communication that can power these mobile healthcare hubs. According to Healthcare IT news, the CHF has recently partnered with Verizon to create its first telemedicine clinic in providing 4G LTE wireless broadband connections to new mobile sites (Monegain, 2013). The CHF and Verizon plan to continue forward in the coming months and continue to deliver new uses of technology to mobile units across the nation.For the CHF to be able to roll out new technology and software to support their mobile units, the organization naturally needs strong financial support. The CHF is very fortunate to have a number of private individuals and corporate partners who help secure funds for the organization. However, a large quantity of financial aid comes from Congress and other government programs. One such government program is the HITECH stimulus. The sti mulus is for healthcare providers that exhibit having meaningful use of certified electronic health records (â€Å"Healthcare IT Index† n.d. ).With EHRs already a practice of the MMCs, the CHF should be entitled to financial assistance that can continue to facilitate software and technology improvement. A common concern with many organizations is whether or not the implementation of new technology and software will cause a loss workers or staff, or if conditions will emerge that will render parts of their operation obsolete. In dealing with the CHF and doctors offices, this is not believed to be the case.With new software applications, doctor office staffs and MMCs will not become obsolete, but will have their jobs reinforced with easier ways to handle patient information and documents (Brown, DeHayes, Hoffer, Martin, & Perkins, 2012). With help in this area, the staff can shift attention to more important areas such as giving patients the personal care and treatment they nee d. Overall, the CHF is a successful organization that provides valuable services and assistance to many citizens of need in our nation.With its continued focus on quality service, growth, and improvement over the last 26 years, the CHF is a well known entity that many people depend on. With the CHF prepared to continue its legacy and service in years to come, recommendations could be made regarding their future efforts. Continued expansion of their crisis and natural disaster mobile assistance would be desirable action. Just like with the number or under privileged children and their families, natural disaster events will continue to be unfortunately present, and it’s important to help others rebuild and get the necessary assistance when nothing else is available.Also, the CHF as it continues to grow and expand across the US into new cities, the organization needs to continue partnerships with local corporations and medical institutions. These corporations can offer their ser vices and expertise to possibly facilitate the MMCs operations, and working with local medical institutions can help staff MMCs and other locations with med students, nursing students and others in a partnered-learning environment.

By Using Corporate Social Responsibility (Csr) the Tobacco Industry

[pic] Assignment Cover Sheet 200336 Business Academic Skills School of Business |James | |Student last name: | | | |Martin | |Student first name: | | | |17508979 | |Student number: | | | |200336 Business Academic Skills | |Unit name and number: | | | |Thursday | |Workshop day: | | | |3:30PM – 5PM | |Workshop time: | | | |EB. G. 7 | |Workshop room: | | | |Tyrone Kirchengast | |Workshop tutor: | | | |Essay | |Title of assignment: | | | |1000 words plus eferences | |Length: | | | |In Workshop Week 14 (beginning 28 May) | |Date due: | | | |31/05/2012 | |Date submitted: | | | |Parramatta | |Campus enrolment: | | Declaration: I hold a copy of this assignment if the original is lost or damaged. ? I hereby certify that no part of this assignment or product has been copied from any other student’s work or from any other source except where due acknowledgement is made in the assignment. ? No part of the assignment/product has been written/produced for me by any other person excep t where collaboration has been authorised by the subject lecturer/tutor concerned. ? I am aware that this work may be reproduced and submitted to plagiarism detection software programs for the purpose of detecting possible plagiarism (which may retain a copy on its database for future plagiarism checking). I am aware that the plagiarism detection software programs are not the only means that will be used to detect plagiarism (i. e. having a zero report may still result in plagiarism). Signature: ______________________________________ Note: An examiner or lecturer/tutor has the right to not mark this assignment if the above declaration has not been signed. ESSAY |Assessment question |By using corporate social responsibility (CSR) the tobacco industry is seeking to change their unethical public | | |image. Evaluate this strategy using three ethical principles of the Global Business Standards Codex. | Type your essay below:The tobacco industry has come under scrutiny regarding their us e of corporate responsibility to change an unethical image that has plagued them since the latter half of the 20th century. The purpose of this essay is to evaluate the use of corporate social responsibility using three ethical principles of the global business standards codex and studies reviewing the tobacco industry’s use of corporate social responsibility in relation to the health issues, environmental issues and the social issues concerning the tobacco companies. The tobacco industry’s use of corporate responsibility to change their unethical public image is ineffective and disingenuous, as they are simply using this strategy as a defence against public disparagement.The farming and production of tobacco carries widespread environmental impacts which are damaging to the surrounding ecosystems and natural processes. British American Tobacco and Phillip Morris had established supply chains in the 1990s as a means of farming tobacco more efficiently aiming to maximis e profits (Otanez & Glantz 2010). However these supply chains were damaging to the environment as well as local communities of developing countries as deforestation and the use of child labour on tobacco plantations became widespread throughout these supply chains. In the 2000s these companies addressed the environmental and labour concerns by redefining their tobacco farming procedures and implementing environmentally sustainable practices.Although it was revealed through the studies undertaken by Otanez & Glantz (2010) that the tobacco farming practices remained the same and this attempt to deceive the public was revealed to be a CSR exploit. The use of corporate social responsibility seeks to minimise risks and adverse effects maximising economic and social benefits establishing relationships based on trust to promote progress in accordance with ethical principles and moral values (Crisan, CM & Borza 2012). In terms of the Business Standards Codex, the tobacco industry violates t he citizenship principle which states that â€Å"Every employee should act as a responsible citizen in the community. † (Stanwick & Stanwick 2009).The principle states that employees must protect and preserve public goods or common grounds including sustainability and other environmental issues in order to conduct business in an ethical manner. The tobacco industry’s attempt to appear ethical was transparent as their business practices remained unchanged despite the illusion of addressing the issues. Furthermore the tobacco industry uses CSR to uphold the wellbeing of society despite continuing to produce lethal products. The health effects which occur as a result of using products manufactured by tobacco companies are widespread and in most cases deadly. The tobacco companies are well aware of their products deadly nature however they continue to manufacture and distribute these products.In an effort to repair their image, the tobacco companies used public relations e xploits and funding youth anti-smoking campaigns which have been proven to be ineffective and in fact a heinous marketing tool directed at underage smokers. (Friedman 2009) Tobacco companies have even gone as far to focus their corporate social responsibility tactics at the education sector in the form of scholarships, grants, professorships and even the creation of an entire school (World Health Organisation 2003). This use of corporate social responsibility however was used as more of a defence against public condemnation due to the unchanged nature of their selling practices.On August 17, 2006 the United States District Court found the tobacco industry guilty of a number of allegations of fraud and conspiracy (Friedman 2009). The conduct of the tobacco companies in light of this case was highly unethical in terms of the global business standards codex in particular the dignity principle which states â€Å"Protecting the dignity of people in society includes ensuring the human ri ghts of health, safety and privacy† (Stanwick & Stanwick 2009). Tobacco companies continue to manufacture and distribute products with full knowledge of the products lethal nature when used as directed, using CSR only as a defence against public scrutiny.Clement-Jones (2004) states that no company producing weapons or growing tobacco can ever be truly socially responsible due to the harmful effects of their products indicating that corporate social responsibility can merely be used as a tool of deception and hypocrisy. The tobacco industry’s use of CSR is not only a publicity exploit but a means of self regulation to avoid further government legislation on business and manufacturing practices. By implementing CSR practices into the business conduct of tobacco industry, the companies create a false representation of responsibility for their actions. This however has come under scrutiny from NGO’s as calls for â€Å"international regulation backed up by national l egislation to ensure the enforcement of real social responsibility on the corporate world† (Hirschhorn 2003).Tobacco companies have been some of the first organisations in the early years of the 1900s to realise the value of public relations and gaining support for their industry (Thomson 1998). The tobacco industry’s use of CSR is nothing more than companies protecting their profits and satisfying their shareholders. Hastings & Liberman (2009) state that CSR is another means of promotion and sponsorship for the tobacco companies, by conducting â€Å"socially responsible causes† tobacco companies are able to inadvertently sponsor these causes and promote their products giving further evidence that the tobacco companies have ulterior motives to their use of CSR.The transparency principle of the global business standards codex states that employees are not to operate in a deceptive manner and that business should be conducted openly and honestly (Stanwick & Stanwic k 2009). The tobacco industry fails to follow this principle through their use of CSR as they operate in a deceptive manner. CSR can however be an effective tool for improving an organisations reputation and ethical image such is the case of Alcoa, an Australian based aluminium manufacturing company which improved its standing in the community with effective CSR practices (Black, Sydney-Smith & Zhao 2009). The use of CSR by organisations such as tobacco companies can never truly be an effective strategy as long as the manufacture of harmful products continues under these organisations.Using three principles of the business standards codex as well as the use of CSR by the tobacco industry to secure public support, it has been shown that these strategies have ulterior motives and are purely marketing tools used by these companies to conceal the promotion of their products which is banned by legislation. CSR however can remain a highly effective tool for public relations as long as the intentions of those organisations are beneficial to society. References Type your reference list in alphabetical order below: Black, LD, Sydney-Smith, K & Zhao, Y 2009, How Business Behaviour Contributes to Reputation and Perceptions of Performance: A Case Study of Alcoa of Australia, viewed April 2012, .Clement-Jones, T 2004 ‘Coporate social responsibility – bottom-line issue or public relations exercise? ’ in J Hancock (ed), Investing in corporate social responsibility: a guide to best practice, business planning & the UK's leading companies, 1st edn, Kogan Page Limited. , London, United Kingdom. Crisan, CM & Borza, A 2012, ‘Social Entrepreneurship and Corporate Social Responsibilities’ International Business Research, 2 February, viewed 4 April 2012, http://search. proquest. com. ezproxy. uws. edu. au/docview/963357717/fulltextPDF? accountid=36155;. Friedman, L 2009, ‘Tobacco industry use of corporate social responsibility tactics as a swor d and shield on second hand smoke issues’, Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 19-827 viewed 11 April 2012, University of Western Sydney Database, DOI: 10. 1111/j. 1748-720X. 2009. 00453. x Hirschhorn, N 2004, ‘Corporate social responsibility and the tobacco industry: hope or hype? ’, Tobacco Control, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 445-453, viewed 7 May 2012, University of Western Sydney Library database, DOI 10. 1136/tc. 2003. 006676 Hastings, G, Liberman, J 2009 ‘Tobacco corporate social responsibility and fairy godmothers: the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control slays a modern myth’, Tobacco Control, vol 18 no. 2 pp 73-74, viewed 9 May 2012, University of Western Sydney Library database, DOI 10. 1136/tc. 2008. 029264 Otanez, M, Glantz, G 2011 ‘Social responsibility in tobacco production?Tobacco companies’ use of green supply chains to obscure the real costs of tobacco farming’, Tobacco Control, vol 20 no. 6, pp403 -411, viewed 5 May 2012, University of Western Sydney Library database, DOI 10. 1136/tc. 2010. 039537 Stanwick, P & Stanwick S 2009, ‘The foundation of ethical thought’ , in Campbell, N (ed. ) , Business academic skills, 4th edn, Pearson Australia, Frenchs Forest, NSW Thomson, S. R. 1998, Public Relations and the Tobacco Industry: Examining the Debate on Practitioner Ethics, Journal of Mass Media Ethics: Exploring Questions of Media Morality, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 152-164, viewed 3 April 2012, UWS Library database, DOI 10. 207/s15327728jmme1303_2 World Health Organiation 2003, Tobacco industry and corporate responsibility†¦ an inherent contradiction view 3 April 2012, . |ESSAY /100 | | |Clear Fail |Needs Work |Pass |Credit |Distinction |High Distinction | |STRUCTURE | |Introduction |There is no introduction. The introduction: |The introduction: |The introduction: |The introduction: |The introduction: | | | |Has no clear thesis statement OR|Has a thesis statement and |Has a thesis statement |Has a clear thesis statement |Has a clear thesis statement that | | | |The thesis statement is not |Outlines the main points that |Outlines the main points that |that relates back to the |relates back to the question | | | |related to the essay question |support your position but may or|support your position but may or|question |Outlines the main points that | | | |and |may not be in the correct order. may not be in the correct order |Outlines the main points that |support your position in the correct| | | |Does not outline the main points| |and |support your position in the |order and | | | |that support your position. | |Has a few general statements |correct order and |Has a few general statements about | | | | | |related to the topic. Has a few general statements |the topic that clarifies your | | | | | | |about the topic. |interpretation of the question. | |/10 | | | | | | | | |0 |0. 5-4. 5 |5. 0-6. 0 |6. 5-7. 0 |7. 5-8. 0 |8. -10 | | |The arguments are not relevant |The arguments are somewhat |The arguments are relevant to |The arguments are mostly |The arguments are relevant to |The arguments are highly relevant to| |Arguments, structure and |to the essay question and do not|relevant to the essay question |the essay question but may not |relevant to the essay question |the essay question and mostly |the essay question and support the | |Cohesion |support the thesis statement or |but do not support the thesis |support the thesis statement |and somewhat support the thesis |support the thesis statement |thesis statement | | |The paragraphs are not well statement and |Some paragraphs are structured |statement |Each paragraph is structured |Each paragraph is structured well | | |structured and |The paragraphs are not well |well but may or may not have a |Each paragraph is usually |well with one topic and |with one topic and concluding | | |The sequence does not match the |structured and |single topic. |structured well with one topic | concluding sentence. |sentence which links back to the | | |outline in the introduction. |The sequence does not match the |Some paragraphs are linked and |and concluding sentence. |Most paragraphs and ideas are |thesis statement. | | | |outline in the introduction. The sequence may or may not |Most paragraphs are clearly |clearly linked and |All paragraphs and ideas are | | | | |match the outline in the |linked and |The sequence matches the outline|effectively linked and | | | | |introduction. |The sequence matches the outline|in the introduction. |The sequence matches the outline in | | | | | |in the introduction. | |the introduction. |/25 | | | | | | | | |0-7. 0 |7. 5-12. 0 |12. 5-16. 0 |16. 5-18. 5 |19. 0-21. 0 |21. 5-25 | |Use of evidence |There is no supporting evidence |The evidence that is presented: |The evidence that is presented: |The evidence that is presented: |The evidence that is presented: |The evidence that is presented: | | |for the arguments presented. |Does not in corporate at least 3 |Incorporates at least 3 of the |Incorporates at least 3 of the Incorporates at least 3 of the |Incorporates at least 3 of the | | | |of the required readings |required readings |required readings |required readings |required readings | | | |Is limited and |Supports the arguments but |Supports the arguments |Supports the arguments |Supports the arguments from a number| | | |Is a descriptive summary. |Is a descriptive summary. |Elaborates on its relevance and |Elaborates on its relevance and |of perspectives | | | | | |Uses descriptive ethics. |Uses descriptive and analytical |Evaluates relevance and | | | | | | |ethics. Uses descriptive, analytical and | | | | | | | |normative ethics. | |/20 | | | | | | | | |0-5. 5 |6. 0-9. 5 |10. 0-12. 5 |13. 0-14. 5 |15. 0-16. 5 |17. 0-20 | | |There is no conclusion. The conclusion: |The conclusion: |The conclusion: |The conclusion: |The conclusion: | |Conclusion | |Summarises some of the |Summarises some of the |Summarises so me of the main |Summarises most of the main |Summarises all the main arguments in| | | |information presented in the |information presented in the |arguments in the body of the |arguments in the body of the |the body of the essay; | | | |body but |body and |essay and |essay and |Restates the thesis statement and | | | |Does not restate the thesis |Restates the thesis statement. |Restates the thesis statement. |Restates the thesis statement. Makes a final comment without | | | |statement. | | | |introducing new ideas. | |/10 | | | | | | | | |0 |. 5-4. 5 |5. 0-6. 0 |6. 5-7. 0 |7. 5-8. 0 |8. -10 | |Academic writing style |Does not use: |Does not use: |May or may not use: |Sometimes uses: |Mostly uses: |Always uses: | | |Objective and subjective |Objective and subjective |Objective and subjective |Objective and subjective |Objective and subjective |Objective and subjective language | | |language appropriately |language appropriately |language appropriately |language appropriately |langu age appropriately |appropriately | | |Connections between ideas and |Connections between ideas and |Connections between ideas and |Clear and logical connections |Concise and formal ideas |Concise and formal ideas | | |sentences AND |sentences or |sentences and/or |between ideas and sentences |Clear and logical connections |Clear and logical connections | | |Formal academic writing. |Formal academic writing. |Formal academic writing. |and/or |between ideas and sentences |between ideas and sentences and | | | | | |Formal academic writing. |and/or |Formal academic writing. | | | | | |Formal academic writing. | | |/5 | | | | | | | | |0-1. 0 |1. 5-2. 0 |2. 5-3. 0 |3. 5 |4. 0 |4. 5-5. 0 | REFERENCING | |In-text citation |Few or no resources are |Some resources are acknowledged |Most resources are acknowledged |Most resources are acknowledged |All resources are acknowledged but|All resources are acknowledged | | |acknowledged OR |May or may not follow the Harvard |but |Accurately follow th e Harvard |Do not accurately follow the |Accurately follow the Harvard | | |Do not follow the Harvard system |system OR |Do not accurately follow the |system and |Harvard system and |system and | | |OR |Uses too many direct quotes. |Harvard system and |May or may not use too many direct|Quotes minimally and |Uses own words. | | |Uses direct quotes excessively. | |May or may not use too many direct|quotes. |appropriately. | | | | |quotes. | | | | |/10 | | | | | | | | |0-2. 5 |3. 0-4. 5 |5. 0-6. 0 |6. 5-7. 0 |7. 5-8. 0 |8. -10 | |Reference list |There are less than 6 scholarly |There are less than 6 scholarly |There are at least 6 scholarly |There are at least 7-9 scholarly |There are 10 scholarly references |There are 10 scholarly references | | |references and |references OR |references |references |Most references are cited in the |All references are cited in the | | |Most references are not in the |Most references are not in the |Most references are cited in the |Most references a re cited in the |body of the essay and/or |body of the essay and | | |body of the essay or |body of the essay and |body of the essay and |body of the essay and/or |The Harvard style is near perfect. The Harvard style is perfect. | | |It is not in Harvard style. |It is not in Harvard style. |It is in Harvard style. |The Harvard style is good. | | | |/10 | | | | | | | | |0-2. 5 |3. 0-4. 5 |5. 0-6. 0 |6. 5-7. 0 |7. 5-8. 0 |8. -10 | |GRAMMAR AND PRESENTATION | |Spelling, grammar &|There are major grammatical errors|There are a lot of spelling, |There are some spelling, |There are a few spelling, |There are minor spelling, |There are no spelling, grammatical| |punctuation |which make the essay difficult to |grammatical and punctuation |grammatical and punctuation |grammatical and punctuation |grammatical and punctuation |and punctuation errors. | | |comprehend. |errors. |errors. |errors. |errors. | | |/5 | | | | | | | | |0-1. 0 |1. 5-2. 0 |2. 5-3. 0 |3. 5 |4. 0 |4. 5-5. | |Presentation | Does not: |Does not: |Uses assessment template |Uses assessment template |Uses assessment template |Uses assessment template | | |Use assessment template |Use assessment template OR |Fills in some of the coversheet |Fills in some of the coversheet |Fills in most of the coversheet |Fills in all of the coversheet | | |Sign declaration on coversheet AND|Fill in the coversheet OR |correctly |correctly |correctly |correctly | | |Adhere to word limit. 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Beowulf - Light vs. Dark essays

Beowulf - Light vs. Dark essays Traditionally, light means good and dark means evil. This assumption is proven in many instances of Beowulf, though in all three battles we also see contradictions to this assumption. Sometimes, what we see or assume may not always be just that. The light and dark imagery used in Beowulf helps to create this ambiguous theme and furthermore makes the contrasts between the battles more evident. In the Grendel episode, light and dark imagery are very evident. Before Beowulf arrives in the Danish kingdom he hears stories of the powerful Grendel and how he never dared to touch king Hrothgars glorious throne. This is the first instance where light and dark imagery collide. Grendel wouldnt touch the throne because the throne represented glory, or light, and Grendel represented evil, or dark. The second occurrence is the actual attack of Grendel. He moved quickly through the cloudy night...toward that gold-shining hall. In this imagery we see an obvious light and dark conflict but we also see a good vs. evil conflict as well. Grendel comes to attack the mead hall at night, which reveals that the dark, or evil, is attacking the light, or good, in which case the good overcame the evil. We notice this in the third example. When morning came, crowds surrounded to behold the monsters great staggering tracks and watch as his great body was dropped deep in murky darkness...as hell opened to receive him. Evil was defeated, and treasures were given in return. In this case, the death of Grendel is representative of darkness and the treasures Beowulf received is representative of light. After Grendels death, Grendels mother seeks revenge against Beowulf for his actions. Beowulf dives into the lake, representative of the underworld, or hell. This symbolism of hell is one example of light and dark imagery in Beowulf. Its almost like a relig...

Early Development of the United States Court System

Early Development of the United States Court System Article Three of the US Constitution stated: [t]he judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The first actions of the newly created Congress were to pass the Judiciary Act of 1789 that made provisions for the Supreme Court. It said that it would consist of a Chief Justice and five Associate Justices and they would meet in the nations capital. The first Chief Justice appointed by George Washington was John Jay who served from September 26, 1789, to June 29, 1795. The five Associate Justices were John Rutledge, William Cushing, James Wilson, John Blair, and James Iredell. The Judiciary Act of 1789 The Judiciary Act of 1789 additionally stated that the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court would include appellate jurisdiction in larger civil cases and cases in which state courts ruled on federal statutes. Further, the Supreme Court justices were required to serve on the U.S. circuit courts. Part of the reason for this to make sure that judges from the highest court would be involved in the principal trial courts learn about the procedures of the state courts. However, this was often seen as a hardship. Further, in the early years of the Supreme Court, the justices had little control over which cases they heard. It was not until 1891 that they were able to review courses through certiorari and did away with the right of automatic appeal. While the Supreme Court is the highest court in the land, it has limited administrative authority over the federal courts. It wasnt until 1934 that Congress gave it the responsibility for drafting rules of federal procedure. Circuits and Districts The Judiciary Act also marked out the United States into circuits and districts. Three circuit courts were created. One included the Eastern States, the second included the Middle States, and the third was created for the Southern States. Two justices of the Supreme Court were assigned to each of the circuits, and their duty was to periodically go to a city in each state in the circuit and hold a circuit court in combination with the district judge of that state. The point of the circuit courts was to decide cases for most federal criminal cases along with suits between citizens of different states and civil cases brought by the US Government. They also served as appellate courts. The number of Supreme Court justices involved in each circuit court was reduced to one in 1793. As the United States grew, the number of circuit courts and the number of Supreme Court justices grew to ensure that there was one justice for each circuit court. The circuit courts lost the ability to judge on a ppeals with the creation of the US Circuit Court of Appeals in 1891 and was entirely abolished in 1911. Congress created thirteen district courts, one for each state. The district courts were to sit for cases involving admiralty and maritime cases along as some minor civil and criminal cases. The cases had to arise within the individual district to be seen there. Also, the judges were required to live in their district. They were also involved in the circuit courts and often spent more time on their circuit court duties than their district court duties. The president was to create a district attorney in each district. As new states arose, new district courts were established in them, and in some cases, additional district courts were added in larger states. Learn more about the US Federal Court System.

Whatever Happened at Barings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 6

Ethics - Essay Example It is observed that an organization with a diverse workforce witnesses various ethical dilemmas and issues arising out of ethical values. This happens because the interest of the organizational and personal ethics is different from each other giving rise to potential conflict among employees and managers. Ethics can be termed as a moral principles or set of standard followed by an individual. Business ethics can be termed as a set of moral values and principles that help the business managers to arrive at unified conclusion. The impact of business ethics on managerial decision making is huge and has the potentiality of changing the course of decision making. It is observed that the influence of legal laws on the managerial decision making is huge and can have considerable amount of influence on the personal lives of an individual as well. Since, business activity is also regarded as a human activity the evaluation of business ethics would be done in a similar fashion. The importance of business ethics, personal ethics and legal influences on ethics would be covered in this study by the author. Situational Analysis The Enron Scandal In the year 2001 Enron Scandal had filed for bankruptcy and the collapse of the company was regarded as the biggest audit failure of all times. This occurred when the shareholders of the company had filed a suit against the company after the company’ share dropped from a double digit number to less than $1. The root cause of the sudden drop in the share price of the company confused the shareholders compelling them to file a suit against the company. It was observed that lack of systematic and clear organizational structure was the root cause behind the collapse of the company. The company failed to comply with business and legal ethical standards and there was a lack of moral standard among the employees of the organization. Outcome & Result The failure to provide a valid reason for the collapse of the Enron Corporation arous ed curiosity among investors and sparked controversy among competitors and investment banking analyst. The company management tried to solace the investors by claiming that it would hold an IPO separately for its internet department but ultimately the company filed for bankruptcy (Lashinsky, 2001). It was noted that various employees and managers were involved behind the collapse of the company. Lack of implementation of an ethical and moral standard by the human resource department can pave the path for downfall of the company. Lack of financial, sustainability accounting disclosure and lack of proper organizational climate within the company were solely responsible for the scandalous act. The US government had immediately enacted the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in response to this particular incident in the year 2002 which aimed at primarily promoting transparent and accurate auditing among public accounting companies (Peavler, 2013).This federal law has set new accounting standards for US A public accounting companies, corporate directors and corporate management to enhance the corporate practices. Practical Application of Ethical Theories & Morals The above mentioned incident is a conglomeration of the egoism theory; psychological and enlightened egoism. Enlightened egoism focuses on the fact that individuals should treat each

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Research Paper Example Likewise, information contained in â€Å"Today’s Job Seeker Report† published by Simply Hired (2012) revealed that from among the American job seekers surveyed, 70% revealed that they use mobile technology to search for job opportunities (Simply Hired, 2012, p. 5). Also, other relevant information disclosed was that 40% of companies rely on social networking sites, particularly Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and even MySpace for recruitment purposes (Kwoh, 2012). A much higher rate of 60% in 2012, as compared to 54% in 2011 was actually reported by Simply Hired (2012) for job seekers to have resorted to social networks. Regardless of the accurate figure, it is evident that job seekers have significantly relied on social networking sites as potential sources of employment; and employers have likewise sought information from these sites to gain more information about prospective applicants and candidates. The currrent discourse hereby aims to present the benefits and costs of using social media during job search. The next section provides relevant and crucial statistical information that identifies the use of specifically identified social networking sites and the users that rely on these for employment. Subsequently, the benefits and disadvantages of using social media would be presented in detail prior to a recommendation and concluding portion. Statistics Use of Social Media in Job Search The information revealed by the Pew Research Center in 2012 has disclosed that the general profile and landscape of social networking site users fall under the following gender and age categories, shown as Table 1, below: Table 1: Profile and Landscape of Social Networking Site Users Social Networking Sites Percentage of Internet Users Demographic Profile Facebook 67% Women, 18 to 29 years old Twitter 16 African Americans, urban residents, 18-29 years old Pinterest 15 Women, white, under 50 years old Instagram 13 African Americans and Latinos, women, urban residen ts, 18 to 29 years old Tumblr 6 Adults 18 to 29 years old Source: Duggan & Brenner, 2013, p. 2 The percentage of internet users identified to be using social networking sites are shown below: Figure 1: Percent of Social Networking Site Users As noted above, both potential applicants and employers utilize these sites for employment purposes. Since Facebook leads in social networking site users, it was reported in the Huffington Post (2012) that â€Å"a survey commissioned by the online employment website CareerBuilder has found that 37 percent of hiring managers use social networking sites to research job applicants, with over 65 percent of that group using Facebook as their primary resource† (37 Percent Of Employers Use Facebook To Pre-Screen Applicants, New Study Says, 2012, par. 1). More interesting are the findings from a survey conducted by the Corporate Executive Board cited by Kwoh (2012) that provided explicit insights from the perspectives of employers which revealed that since employers are making their respective research on potential candidates for employment, those who apparently lie on their resume, provide fake references, and seek unrealistic salaries were found to be the top three pitfalls that should