Henry David Thoreau and Resistance to Civil Government Essay

Henry David Thoreau was the most dynamic member in the Transcendentalist development. He was an understudy and mentee of Ralph Waldo Emerson. While Emerson had supernatural thoughts, Thoreau would follow up on them and completely practice them. Consequently, he felt that he and others should oppose America’s Civil Government. I generously acknowledge the saying, â€Å"That government is best which administers least†; and I should get a kick out of the chance to see it misbehaved to all the more quickly and deliberately. (Thoreau) Thoreau begins his acclaimed article with the explanation that administration ought to be feeble and the individuals solid. He was a solid supporter of the individual the privileges of the person. To him, an individual ought to act naturally dependent, as Emerson educated. He felt that the more residents depended on their legislature for their requirements, at that point the more grounded the administration would become and that could be hazardous. He felt that being constrained by a legislature, or whatever else so far as that is concerned, was a disaster in a person’s life. The primary explanation that Thoreau composed Resistance to Civil Government was on the grounds that he was totally worn out on an administration that could permit subjugation to exist. Subjugation was an establishment in the Southern states where individuals really possessed African Americans. He felt that on the off chance that it wasn't right for an administration to need to much control over the individual and his/her privileges, at that point doubtlessly it wasn't right for another human to claim another. In the establishment of subjection, the slave has no rights by any stretch of the imagination. Slaves were made to buckle down. Thoreau had nothing against difficult work for an individual’s own independence, however the slave didn't profit by his/her work. The proprietor procured the entirety of the benefit. They didn't get the chance to pick their calling, it was illicit to instruct them to peruse or compose, numerous proprietors beat them, and they could be sold away from their families whenever. The proprietor controlled every little thing about them even life and passing. Servitude conflicted with everything that Thoreau accepted about government and the person. In the event that the facts used to demonstrate that it government ought to have as meager control as could reasonably be expected, at that point it was a detestation that this sort of intensity could control another. Thoreau was horrified to the point that a legislature that guaranteed in its constitution that all men were made equivalent, could deliberately ignore the establishment of bondage. He concluded that since his assessment dollars went to a legislature that bolstered such a foundation, he would no longer make good on his expenses. He trusted that he could rouse other people who declared abolitionist considerations would do likewise. In any case, they didn't. Indeed when Emerson went to the prison to post his bond, he asked Thoreau for what valid reason he was in prison. Thoreau reacted by asking Emerson for what good reason he was not in there with him. Thoreau’s thought of common insubordination to a legislature that isn't of the individuals has been effective for a few ages after Thoreau’s demise. He affected the lives of such incredible men as Ghandi and the Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. Ruler utilized Thoreau’s technique and turned a country around and constrained it to perceive the social equality surprisingly by Resistance to Civil Government. Thoreau and his concept of tranquil dissent will stay a full of feeling approach to change governments for a long time into the future.

Military National and International Security Studies Essay

Military National and International Security Studies - Essay Example It is expressed by the scientist that today the interests of the security powers are fixated on achievement of security, harmony and success among all the residents of the country and different countries with a comparative concentration to that of the U.S.A. The national security of the United States of America has been changed through the declaration of a security methodology archive entitled, â€Å"National military system of the assembled countries (2011).† This was propelled by the executive of the joint safety crew and supported by the president and the priest of state for resistance. To prevail in its crucial, joint security powers were quick to overemphasize on the significance of incorporating its security dreams with those of different components of intensity in the state. The reformed American security technique, that was a primary focal point of the conversation of the paper perceives the use of principled administration in the military intercession procedure with j ust a little remittance left for the utilization of power and compulsion when discretion comes up short. The scientist mentiones that the achievement of this specific system necessitates that the security powers of the state are incorporated well with the Americas’ power structure to encourage its viability. Taking everything into account, the analyst aggregates uo his investigation on the point and expresses that American security organizations underscore on the utilization of an increasingly unassuming demeanor with respect to different states connections. Strategy is underscored more and delicate force, for example, outside guide and less utilization of pressure and power.

A Memoir Doesnt Have to Tell the Truth

A Memoir Doesn’t Have to Tell the Truth This is a guest post from Hannah Engler. Hannah is currently an English major at the University of Michigan. She is the Editor-in-Chief of UMichs first and only feminist magazine, What the F, as well as a contributor to sites like Slant News and The Odyssey Online. When not writing or reading (which is hardly ever), she makes Indian food in her slow cooker and watches Nora Ephron movies. Her heart (as well as her family) resides in Washington, D.C. The first thing they teach you about memoir-writing is that there is a difference between literal truth and “emotional truth,” meaning, essentially, that it doesn’t matter if you don’t remember all the details, so long as you remember the significance of the event itself. Something you’re allowed to do when working in this genre is write that your roommate was wearing a blue coat, even if her coat was really pink,   just because it works better for the feeling of the scene if her coat was blue. Her blue coat is not a piece of truth, but it’s an emotional truth. Fabrication is inherent in memoir writing. Number one, it’s impossible to have an unbiased view of your own life, period; number two, it’s impossible to write about something in the past tense and not see it through the lens of the present. These factors, combined with the fact that real life hardly ever binds together in a coherent, readable narration, is what makes memoir such an interesting genre. It’s composed of people telling the stories of themselves. These stories are all true, in a way; they’re just not factual. A memoir should not be subject to rigorous, journalistic lie-detecting. Who cares, for example, if the humorist David Sedaris exaggerates some of the ridiculous characters he has met over the course of his life? In his books, the character of “David Sedaris” is also caricatured and eccentric, presumably much more neurotic and bumbling than the real Sedaris. In Sedaris’s world of everyday lunatics, his narration is necessarily a little deranged; the emotional truth behind it all is that life can be unbelievably ridiculous and funny, if you’re aimless and observant enough. Does it matter if Sedaris makes stuff up? It doesn’t make the stories less hilarious, so, in my opinion, no. My favorite autobiographical essay I’ve ever read is “The Ghosts of Loiret” by Shirley Jackson, from her posthumous collection Let Me Tell You. The essay is purportedly a work of creative nonfiction, but, like all of Jackson’s work, it very quickly turns lightheartedly sinister. In the story, Jackson’s husband is trying to decide what to get her for her birthday, but is running out of ideas for creepy presents (she already owns a painting of a skeleton reading poetry, a crystal ball, tarot cards, talismans, etc.). She tells her husband that what she really wants this year is a collection of photographs of old houses to satisfy her interest in architecture. He complies, but Jackson only has a few days to enjoy her houses before realizing that one or more of her intentionally non-spooky photographs have captured ghosts. Throughout the memoir sections of Let Me Tell You, the “truth” of Jackson’s life is as elusive as any of the phantom menaces in her horror fiction. According to Jackson, her kitchen contains a helpful poltergeist, and her days are frequently interrupted by mysterious strangers wanting to look around her house. Was Jackson really some kind of conduit for the macabre, or a housewife Nancy Drew? Probably not. But I find tremendous enjoyment in picturing one of the greatest horror writers of all time bickering with her husband over the merits of using a luck talisman on poker night, or surrounded by photographs, indignant at her inability to escape the paranormal. They say that real life is always stranger than fiction, and maybe there’s something to that. But I think the line between fiction and reality is less strict than we think. Our lives are, in a lot of ways, a series of stories we tell ourselves. We rearrange our memories in the order that makes the most sense; we create patterns, interpret random events for deeper meaning. So who is to say that exaggerations, mistakes, even lies are any less valuable to our autobiographies? Aren’t they just as much a part of our lives? To me, the strangest thing of all is to render the complex fantasy of life into pen and paper. I applaud any attempt.

Is Social Networking Good for Society Essay - 2077 Words

Is Social Networking Good For Society? Irma Barrios Brandman University Is Social Networking Good for Society? With various ongoing debates about why social networking may be bad for society, I have found it to be a positive resource. Social networking comes in many forms. It comes in the form of facebook, twitter, and even professional forums such as Linkedin. In such a fast-paced world, I find social networking to be an invaluable way of sharing ideas and interests that allow me to remain engaged. Although some may debate that social networking takes away from face to face and/or quality interactions, I have found it to be an invaluable tool in building community and networks. In fact, I believe it has given us a more†¦show more content†¦Another one of his concerns is that online social networking, in particular facebook, can lend itself to creating addiction (Jayson, 2009). But according to Nancy Bayam, an associate professor of communication studies at the University of Kansas, â€Å"There is not compelling evidence that spending time on social networking sites and expanding our social circles damages the close relationships we have. People think that if you’re hanging out on Facebook, you’re not having quality face-to-face time. That is not supported† (Jayson, 2009). Also, in a study conducted by Robert Kraut, a professor of human computer interaction at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, in the journal Information, Communication Society showed that for those who communicated online with someone they knew, experienced a reduction in depression (as cited in Jayson, 2009). Furthermore, Barry Wellman who is a sociologist at the University of Toronto stated, â€Å"The mythology we have is that people used to spend whole days hanging around community – like the bar at Cheers. They didn’t. They stayed home. If we switch from television to social networking sites, it’s a switch toward sociability-not away from it† (Jayson, 2009). Some oppose facebook because they bel ieve it is a superficial means of communication. Others oppose it due to the cyber bullying and cyber stalking stories they hear in the news. Others fear it due to a feeling that it leads to an invasion of privacy or identity theft. SomeShow MoreRelatedSocial Networking: Is it Good for our Society?700 Words   |  3 PagesSocial Networking: Is it Good for our Society? In July 2012, Americans spent a total of 121.1 billion minutes on social networking sites (procon.org). Social networking has become a big part of people’s lives today. According to a December 2012 Nielson â€Å"Social Media Report†, 20% of time spent on a home computer is on social media while 30% of mobile Internet time is spent on social networking sites (procon.org). Sixdegrees.com, which ran from 1997-2001, was the first ever social networking site.Read MoreAre Social Networking Sites Good for a Society?1846 Words   |  7 PagesSocial networking sites can be deemed this century’s phenomenon. These websites have, throughout the years, grown from having at least 10,000 members logging on daily, to 1,000,000 active users daily. According to Danah M. Boyd and Nicole B. Ellison, social networking sites are â€Å"web-based services that allow individuals to construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and view and traverse their list of connectionsRead MoreEssay on Social Networking: The Good Choice for Society536 Words   |  3 PagesSocial Networking is the use of websites such as Facebook, MySpace,Twitter,LinkedIn, and classmates.com to communicate with other users (Hampton). On social media like these,users are able to develop biographical profiles as well as communicating,researching, and also sharing photos, links, videos,music, and more. Advocates of social networking sites conclude that online communities promote increased interaction with friends and family and also offer teachers, librarians, and students beneficialRead MoreAre Social Networking Sites Good For Our Society?3384 Words   |  14 PagesAre Social Networking Sites Good for Our Society? Are social networking sites good for our society? Nowadays it seems as though social networks are what make our society. It s the 21st century and the world is modernizing more and more everyday. Technology is becoming more advanced and researchers are debating on whether or not we should which to e-books instead of the good old textbooks. Social networks are the second top news source for Americans, right behind newspapers. It s been proven thatRead MoreSocial Networking Sites Are Good Or Bad For Society2449 Words   |  10 PagesSocial media is a term that does not need to be defined, everyone knows what social media is. Even people in the most distant of places have heard, or even use, social networking sites. People today use social networking sites on a regular basis. Today’s society uses sites like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram as a way to stay in touch with current events, family members, and with their friends. According to the Pew Research Center, â€Å"seventy- six percent of [today’s society] uses social networkingRead MoreAre Social Networking Sites Good For Our Society?1911 Words   |  8 PagesNahida Sultana Dr. Rachel C. Henderson ENG 1101 18 November 2015 Are Social Networking Sites Good for Our Society? We are living in the 21st century and technology began to change very promptly. After the Supercomputers were introduced in the 1960s, scientists and engineers started to develop the networks between those supercomputers, and later they discovered the internet, which is a global communication device where people all around the world can meet and talk about pretty much anything. The developmentRead MoreAre Social Networking Sites Good for Our Society Essay1670 Words   |  7 PagesLiliana Katiana English I May 18, 2013 Are Social Networking Sites Good For Our Society? Many people in our society can relate. We wake up, check our phones. We go to school, check our phones. We go home, check our phones. And right before we go to bed, we check our phones. And for what? What are we constantly checking? Imagine logging out of social networking sites for one day. How would you feel? You would probably feel disconnected and want to log back on as soon as possible. This generationRead MoreSocial Networking Sites Are Good Or Bad For Our Society1500 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Aspect Online social networking sites have become increasingly popular over the past few years. The usage of Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, and LinkedIn has more than multiplied from 2005 to 2015. Having access to these social media sites allows the users to create profiles, share their interests, communicate with family, friends, and strangers, share thoughts, photos, videos, and much more. There is a huge question if these different social networking sites are good or bad for ourRead MoreEssay On Pros And Cons Of Social Media1090 Words   |  5 PagesThe Benefits of Social Media in Todays Society Just like everything else in life, social media has pros and cons. However, the pros outweigh the cons. Social networking assists businesses in various different ways. While also helping people communicate more with others and to become more connected with them too. 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Groups in Organisations - Characteristics of a Successful Team Free Essay Example, 1500 words

The five OCEAN traits identified by contemporary psychologists include openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism (Anissimov, 2011). Sarah and I were working as partners in the marketing department in the Sok-Fitness Center. Sarah was new in the field and lacked the required skills in the use of the scheduling software, but she did not want others to get an air of it so that her status on the job would not be challenged. Thus, she measured very low on the scale of openness to experience. By displaying this behaviour, Sarah also displayed a very low level of conscientiousness and extraversion as it was her duty to be truthful about her skills and not affect the work by hiding them, but she did not do it. Our manager of the team of the Sok-Fitness Center was a very agreeable manager. I can say this because of the moment he found out that Sarah lacked training in the use of the software, he arranged a training session based on a whole week f or her without letting her down. Sarah also displayed very little agreeableness and neuroticism. We will write a custom essay sample on Groups in Organisations - Characteristics of a Successful Team or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Advertising and Fashion Retailing Project Report Free Essays

It is no longer a question of identifying your customers by age, geography or income, but looking into how and why they buy, based on their DOD, beliefs and the occasion. So far as in marketing field consumer buying is mainly based on either knowledge or perceived needs. When we had different surveys at different universities and colleges and in different gatherings related to fashion we came to know about that consumer comes across many genuine problems while purchasing different products and services(especially related to fashion products). We will write a custom essay sample on Advertising and Fashion Retailing Project Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is important for a good marketing manager to have a sharp eye over these problems irrespective to the locality of retailing of your product. These can be classified as * Problem/Need Recognition * Information search Evaluation of different purchase options. * Purchase decision More over there are many other factors which have a great influence on buying habits of a customer. These are some common factors which ought to be in mind of those who want to enter in any pre-teen market. Next was to listen to the habits of those where we want to place our product. Near FIFO mark, we felt the smell of both the middle class and elite class. Also it is great opportunity to enter into a market where your regular customers come to buy product forebear by shops. So you need to make your market from scratch because some of the marketing home is already done by your competitors. It’s a common belief that nomenclature’s INFLUENCES his/her behavior the most. Obviously this culture helps them developing these opinions, attitudes and beliefs. These factors will influence their purchase behavior. However other factors like groups of friends, or people they look up to may influence their choices of purchasing a particular product or service. Marketing and advertising obviously influence consumers in trying to evoke them to purchase a particular product or service. People’s social status will also impact their behavior. What is their role within society? Are they Actors? Doctors? Office worker? And mothers and fathers. The lifestyle of someone who earns 250000Rs would clearly be different from someone who earns 2500 RSI. Also celebrities have an influence on buying decision. So for the reason we have also requested SOFIA EMIR and NAOMI ANSI to come at our exhibition as a chief guest. Whether the person is extrovert (out going and spends on entertainment) or introvert (keeps to themselves and purchases via online or mail order) again has an impact on the types of purchases made. I would love to code here a theory of â€Å"ABRAHAM MASON’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS†. He suggests individuals aim to meet basic psychological needs of hunger and thirst. When this has been met they then move up to the next stage of the hierarchy. Hence, we have to reach to the level to Pakistani society and culture. So Mason’s concept is useful for marketers as it can help them understand and develop consumer needs and wants. We are not unaware of the fact as this directly point out the economic condition of PAKISTAN. We tried to not to make our products and services in access major for middle class. This is one of our marketing strategy as well as social responsibility. FASHION FORECASTING Fashion forecasting is a crucial and complex marketing strategy which requires a complete hold on marketing research. Fashion forecasting is the prediction of mood, behavior and buying habits of the consumer. ALLURE will be the future efficient indicator to forecast the direction in which fashion will move. Fashion forecasting will be our solid link to create a good market. We will look for prophetic as well as profitable styles and ideas that capture the mood of the times and signal a new fashion trend. We are well aware of the fact that if we need aloud on to fashion role s a pioneer and want to enhance its brand image, fashion has to continue to innovate. The task of fashion fore casting will be accomplished by the managers (owner of boutique) as we are done with our complete study on fashion marketing. Forecasting of fashion is an initial step which is then understood, practiced and then applied. Forecasting the future demand for particular styles, fabrics and colors is an important aspect of the fashion industry. It’s a common routine of textiles specialists that they work for two year ahead to determine general guidelines for each fashion season. This is because of when once some fashion is forecasted then it takes about 1-2 year of regular hard work to take the fashion from our mind to the practical market. Forecasting of fashion can be divided into two categories: * Short term fashion forecasting * Long term fashion forecasting For us as we are going to setup a preteen market we decided to work on short term forecasting. At a introduction stage of our boutique hireling so much labor and services for the purpose of forecasting of fashion won’t be a great idea. As discussed earlier this Job will be done by us (owners). Later on we will subscribe to one or more arrives, whose Job will be to scan the market and report on the developments in color, textiles and style directions. Major trends in lifestyles, attitude and culture in particular music, sport, cinema and television are used to predict changing consumer demand. This process involves the following activities such as studying market conditions, noting the life style of the people, researching sales statistics, evaluating popular designer collections, surveying fashion publications, observing street fashions etc French companies based in Paris have traditionally dominated fashion forecasting. The point arises that why are we lacking behind and how are they leading us. Forecasting is more than Just attending runway shows and picking out potential trends that can be knocked off at lower prices (although that is part of it) but this is a wrong practice which is being followed by our so called fashion National designers. Instead they need to understand that it is a process that spans shifts in color and styles, changes in lifestyles and buying patterns. The keywords behind the successful fashion forecasting is good consumer research, color forecasting, textile development, range of shows (operating over the 16 months preceding counterbalancing Innovation, Cultural Indicators etc. Keeping a fact in the mind we have made a unique collection of . After the forecasting based on practical figures we hope that the collection we are going to present on exhibition will be a complete innovative collection among all boutiques. When we started our research on colors and upcoming styles it looked a little difficult but as soon as we got into it completely, things became clearer. Making decisions about expected favorable colors of next summer was crucial task. Different experimental shows, runways and large or small exhibitions we managed to do help us a lot in this matter. We came to know about the taste of people of segmented market and their positive and negative response about different outfit’s colors and embellishments and all. By the grace of God most of the times people respond with great appreciation and thus we got our stray to achieve our goal. INCOME LEVEL Frequent losses are expected in the first few years of any operations due to initial investments and expenditures but once we are stabilized, this boutique will become a good source of income for us. Entry Barriers I . Large Indian and multinational companies hold around 65% of the market. How to cite Advertising and Fashion Retailing Project Report, Essays

Meaning Of The Quote Metaphors Associated â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Meaning Of The Quote Metaphors Associated? Answer: Introducation Kallifatides (2014) stated that the term managerial ideology refers to the beliefs and values of both the managers along with their workplace attitude and practices. Reinhard Bendix believed that industrial organizations and industrial relations should be the focus aspect of a stakeholder of an organization. The prime reason is that the employees should be motivated to work for enhanced productivity, which on the other hand affects the lives of large number of people (Stufflebeam and Shinkfield 2012). Thus, it is the liability of the institutional authority to adapt effective business attitude. Prior to the implementation of the factory system all the products of an organization or factory are designed or made by skilled and professionals. It needs time and not much product are distributed in the locals. However, institutional authority emphasized on division of labor practice, in which more workers were included, who are not skilled compared to the professionals (Liu and Li 2014). H owever, by positive business behavior, those employees are motivated and trained to accomplish the business function. In this way, huge amount of final products are distributed among the community. The metaphor that is used by Reinhard Bendix is knife-edge of the present and Chicago School. The metaphor Chicago School illustrates the behavior of the organizations managers to align the money supply and demand for money (Stufflebeam and Shinkfield 2012). This concept focuses on reducing regulations on business and follows own business believes and policies. Metaphor knife-edge of the present represents the meaning that business should be place between the perceived past and the future of the business but without including the concept of time (Kallifatides 2014). Obstacles to making the best decisions Piven (2013) portrays that it is expected that a rational-bureaucratic organizations obtained their goals effectively. The reason described by Caldwell (2012) is that in such organization the labor and authority is clearly divided along with their job roles and responsibility. In this formal structure of organization, employees are selected based on effectual qualifications, they are assigned with specific roles and designation and lastly the decision taken by company are based on survey for relevant information. Some of the obstacle in taking best decision making are internal conflict among the decision makers due to different business perspective (Hodson et al. 2013). Wilensky (2015) highlighted another obstacle that is in business some decision are often made in a split second and in such case, ethical business procedure are often overlooked by managing personnel. Some organizations have to face more problem than others due to others. Hodson et al. (2013) stated that organization, who are not able to establish effective communication, face challenges of internal rivalries that affects the organizational profitability. Piven (2013) stated that organizational structure can be underlying cause of workplace issues as multiple authorities may suggest different decision that can be confusing for employee to follow. Thus, regular meetings should be conducted so that all the ideas can be discussed and only the optimized yet effective decision should be taken into consideration. Managers also have to overcome the problem of conflicts among the employees, communication and knowledge sharing between them and allocating job roles and responsibilities based on the skills the candidate possess. Another challenge that these managers have to addresses is train their employees well so that they can accomplish their desires job roles (Weber and King 2014). Occurrence and significance of the term common moral purpose in an organization The theory proposed by Chester Barnard emphasized on psychological theory of motivation and behavior, complex interdependencies, sociological theory of cooperation and meritocracy ideology. Barnard suggests the theory of complex social system, systems approach and importance of the individual. Novicevic et al. (2013) stated that Barnards believes are valuable and often denotes the exact scenario of the organization. According to Chester Barnard, the managing authorities are liable for motivating the employees and handed over some job roles that align with their line of interests (Lopdrup-Hjorth 2015). This process is effective as every individual is motivated differently and managers should identify their preferences so that they can obtain the work from them. Moreover, according to Barnards belief, communication should be emphasized and innovative ideas should always be welcome. Mahoney and Godfrey (2014) furthermore stated that all the achievements and failures should be encouraged so that employees can continuously work for the betterment of the organization and suggest new ideas so that the organization can prosper. (Durant 2014) moreover depict that Barnard also emphasized on two conditions- effectiveness and efficiency. These two conditions are a part of cooperative system and there are some personnel, who are considered as contributors. These contributors are- investors, employees, suppliers, distributors, managers and customers (Novicevic et al. 2013). Managing the collaboration among these stakeholders so that business profitability can be attained is necessary. Mahoney and Godfrey (2014) thus stated that it represents the real scenario of the business as an organization can only gain advantage, if business objectives of all the stakeholders are properly aligned. Elaboration of the statement the transformation of organizational forms has given rise to a variety of paradoxical demands In modern era, organization has to take such decision that is for the organizational benefit but on the other hand raises an adverse situation in the business. Powell and DiMaggio (2012) stated that business formulates new things in order to fulfill the needs of the customers and make their living standard high. On the other hand, if these customers decide to save for their better future and purchase less from outside, business cannot attain profit. In such case, the business adapts necessary promotional activities so that the customers can attract towards their product. The paradox in this case is that the company do not like that their customers are saving money. Another situation is highlighted by Ramirez (2012), where leaders ask their employees to work with comfort; however, in reality all the employees are judged based on their productivity and ability to meet target irrespective of the fact whether their work has some quality issues. Smith et al. (2012) stated that in both the cases two aspects are necessary and need to be fulfilled that is in first case, the better life of the customers and profitability of the organization and in second case, considering employees as important asset and fulfilling the target of the organization. Thus, it can stated that both the aspect is required in terms of satisfying individual needs but problem may arise if both aspects peacefully co-exist. In such case, managers are liable to take effective steps so that the adversity can be overcome. Taken for instance, in second case, leaders may provide additional benefits to their employees so that they can achieve their targets and also gain something for their effort through rewards Reference List Caldwell, R., 2012. Leadership and learning: A critical reexamination of Senges learning organization. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 25(1), pp.39-55. Durant, R.F., 2014. Revitalizing a Sense of Common Purpose. In Why Public Service Matters (pp. 197-215). Palgrave Macmillan US. Foundations of Management, La Trobe University (2016), McGraw Hill 9781308739632 Hodson, R., Roscigno, V.J., Martin, A. and Lopez, S.H., 2013. The ascension of Kafkaesque bureaucracy in private sector organizations. Human Relations, 66(9), pp.1249-1273. Kallifatides, M., 2014. 3 Reinhard Bendix. On the Shoulders of Giants, p.47. Liu, M. and Li, C., 2014. Environment pressures, managerial industrial relations ideologies and unionization in Chinese enterprises. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 52(1), pp.82-111. Lopdrup-Hjorth, T., 2015. Object and objective lost? Organization-phobia in organization theory. Journal of Cultural Economy, 8(4), pp.439-461. Novicevic, M., Zikic, J., Martin, J., H. Humphreys, J. and Roberts, F., 2013. Responsible executive leadership: A moral-identity analysis based on Barnard's conceptualization. Journal of Management History, 19(4), pp.474-491. Mahoney, J.T. and Godfrey, P., 2014. 'The Functions of the Executive'at 75: An Invitation to Reconsider a Timeless Classic (No. 14-0100). Piven, F.F., 2013. On the organizational question. The Sociological Quarterly, 54(2), pp.191-193. Powell, W.W. and DiMaggio, P.J. eds., 2012. The new institutionalism in organizational analysis. University of Chicago Press. Ramirez, G.A., 2012. Sustainable development: paradoxes, misunderstandings and learning organizations. The Learning Organization, 19(1), pp.58-76. Smith, W.K., Besharov, M.L., Wessels, A.K. and Chertok, M., 2012. A paradoxical leadership model for social entrepreneurs: Challenges, leadership skills, and pedagogical tools for managing social and commercial demands. Academy of Management Learning Education, 11(3), pp.463-478. Stufflebeam, D.L. and Shinkfield, A.J., 2012. Systematic evaluation: A self-instructional guide to theory and practice (Vol. 8). Springer Science Business Media. Weber, K. and King, B., 2014. Social movement theory and organization studies. The Oxford book of sociology, social theory, and organization studies: Contemporary currents, Oxford University Press. doi, 10, p.1093. Wilensky, H.L., 2015. Organizational intelligence: Knowledge and policy in government and industry (Vol. 19). Quid Pro Books.

Lusus Naturae by Margaret Atwood Essays

Lusus Naturae by Margaret Atwood Essays Lusus Naturae by Margaret Atwood Paper Lusus Naturae by Margaret Atwood Paper Lusus Naturae is about a young girl, who around when she was seven, began morphing into a beastly freak of nature. The condition left her with yellow eyes, pink teeth, red fingernails, and long dark fur. She drank blood and her voice translated words to growls. Being a freak, she became a burden to her family who was doing well before she underwent these changes. To protect her and to clear their name from being the household with the beast girl, they faked her death but kept her locked in her room. She â€Å"died† in a saintly way, covered in white and praised for dying a virgin. After her death, her sister was able to get married and her mother stayed home to take care of her. Being thought of as dead, she found peace and solitude especially at night when she was able to roam freely. She found excitement in scaring children and people in windows. She was not bitter about being an embarrassment or â€Å"curse† on her family. She was very cooperative and gracefully followed through with the plans so far. Eventually, her father and grandmother died and her mother moved in with her sister’s family. A new family moved into her house, but she quickly scared them out and lived there on her own. Her secret life came to an end when she witnessed a couple having an affair in a meadow. Ignorant to what was happening, she became curious and wanted to join in. After the girl had left, she approached the sleeping man and bit him on the neck. She had meant for it to be a kiss. The village heard about it, inspected her empty coffin, and came after her. She decided to kill herself before they could get their hands on her. She planned to put on her white veils and throw herself off of her burning rooftop. While on the run she fantasizes about what she’ll be thought of as after she dies and what she’ll look like in heaven. She thinks of how great it would be if she and the angels looked the same. This story well illustrates what it is like to b

Inflections in English

Inflections in English Inflections in English Inflections in English By Maeve Maddox Inflections are word elements that indicate grammatical relationships among the words in a sentence. For example, the verb walked is in the past tense; we know this because of the inflectional ending -ed. The noun girls is plural. We know this because of the s that has been added to the singular word girl. All languages make use of inflections. Those that make use of a great many inflections–like Latin–are called â€Å"synthetic languages.† Those that do not have so many–like English–are called â€Å"analytic languages.† The low incidence of inflections in English requires speakers to pay attention to word order. In Latin, on the other hand, word order hardly matters. Take nouns as an example. In Latin, nouns have special forms, according to whether the noun is being used as the subject of a sentence, the direct object, the indirect object, a complement, a noun with a built-in preposition, a possessive noun, or a noun of address. In English, except for possession and number, a noun is a noun is a noun. If we look at the English word girl out of the context of a sentence, we know it’s a noun, but we can’t tell anything else about its grammatical function until it is used in a sentence. If we look at the Latin noun puellam (girl), we know that it is the direct object form. The form puella is a subject form. Puellae is genitive (possessive) form meaning â€Å"of the girl.† Because the inflections are â€Å"built in,† their order in a sentence doesn’t much matter. In English, however, word order tells us if a noun is a subject or an object. If it comes before the verb (usually) a noun is a subject. If it comes after an action verb, it’s an object. For example, in English, â€Å"The boy loves the girl† means something different from â€Å"The girl loves the boy.† In Latin, on the other hand, Puer puellam amat, Puellam puer amat, and Amat puellam puer all mean the same thing: â€Å"The boy loves the girl.† Then there are the adjectives. Latin adjectives have to accord with the nouns. To say, â€Å"The big boy loves the pretty girl† you write: Puer magnus puellam bellam amat. To write, â€Å"The pretty girl loves the big boy,† you can leave the words in the same order, but you have to change the endings to show function and gender: Puella bella puerum magnum amat. Because English retains so few inflections, it is a little surprising that so many of the errors we discuss on this site have to do with the few inflections that do remain. Nouns Nouns are inflected by the addition of an apostrophe to show possession: The boy’s backpack was stolen. (singular noun, ’s) The boys’ backpacks were stolen. (plural noun, s’). The letter s is usually added to a noun to form the plural: The girl climbed Mount Everest. The girls climbed Mount Everest. Errors with plural nouns occur with words that do not form the plural by adding s, for example, woman/women; calf/calves, etc. Errors in placing the apostrophe are quite common. For example: â€Å"The mens’ locker room† instead of â€Å"the men’s locker room.† Some uncertain writers sprinkle apostrophes in very unlikely places: Chloe sing’s with the choir. (Should be sings) The dog hurt it’s paw. (Should be its paw) Verbs Regular verbs are inflected to show past tense by adding the suffix -ed: talk, talked, (have) talked. Errors occur with verbs that indicate past tense by changes in spelling, for example, write, wrote, (have) written. See the DWT post Beware of the Irregular Past Participle. Pronouns Because pronouns have retained more inflected forms than nouns, they are the source of probably half the grammatical errors made by native speakers. The inflections that give trouble with the personal pronouns are these: Subject forms: I, he, she, we, they Object forms: me, him, her, us, them For more on pronoun case, see All Pronoun Cases Are Created Equal. Possessive forms are of two kinds: those that stand for a noun (possessive pronouns), and those that stand before a noun to show possession (possessive adjectives). Possessive pronouns: mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs Possessive adjectives: my, your, his, her, its, our, their For example, That book is mine. (Possessive pronoun standing for book) That is my book. (Possessive adjective qualifying book) The pronouns you and it present no problems because they are the same in both their subject and object forms. Other errors with the possessive forms are misspelling its and using their with a singular antecedent: Wrong: The house is having it’s roof replaced. Correct: The house is having its roof replaced. Wrong: Every scout will do their duty. Correct: Every scout will do his duty. Adjectives Adjectives are inflected to show comparison. This article illustrates the different ways of doing it: Comparative Forms of Adjectives Adverbs Adverbs are also inflected to show comparison. Adverbs that end in -ly are inflected by adding more and most in front of them: happily, more happily, most happily. Note: Some authorities regard the comparison of adjectives and adverbs as word formation rather than inflection. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar 101 category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Addressing A Letter to Two PeopleFor Sale vs. On SaleDrama vs. Melodrama

Last day at school Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Last day at school - Essay Example I gained many friends in these years and they really changed my world. Even the teachers of the school were different in their own way. Somewhere friendly but others grave and did not talk freely with us. It is sometimes hard to imagine that these lovely years of learning has at last come to an end. It is impossible to believe that I need to leave the high school where I met so many wonderful people and friends. I know I have become close with my fellow students and this bond is not easy to forget. It is really difficult to assume what life would have been without these happy high school years. These days I was sometimes joyful and sometimes nervous and also there were days of sorrow. All these emotions took a ride through my years in high school. And the day when I had to bid good bye to my friends, tears rolled out of my eyes. I never realized that I love my school so much .It has given me valuable experience and knowledge and number of friends that I can never forget. It was a mem orable days, when I was busy compiling my graduation book with my friends and fellow students. All of us with a mixed feeling of sorrow and anxiety in our mind spend the last days of school in unity. I remember the times when I was busy with compiling the graduation book, the one with all the memories, fun photos and writing jotted down in it. The graduation book is a treasure for me, when I look in to the book I find my friends face glaring at me which give me utter happiness. The day when I was compiling it, I requested my best friend to put his picture on the front page and he sticked a photo in which both of us were holding hands in a sportive manner. He wrote words which displayed his feeling and love for me. I could not look in to his eyes as I could see the tears ready to fall out of his eyes. I did not know to cry or smile and was in a big confusion as to how to express my feelings for my friend at this delicate moment. The second page of the book I dedicated to the sporting days that me and my friend have spend together .The picture of me and him in soccer shorts and dribbling the ball through the foot ball ground and how messy we looked. Those beautiful days are hard to be captured in the space of a book. In that joyous moment I hugged my friend as he meant a lot to me. The main reason for this is that he was with me through all the good and bad times of high school days. He drew a picture of my smiling face with the pen on this page and I knew he always wanted me to laugh and be happy. The other moment was to confront my only friend who was a girl and she was such a lovely person, less could be told about her. She was the one who gave me confidence and hope in times of despair and depression. When I moved to this school, I was all gloomy and disturbed but she came to me as a hope. She consoled me and introduced me to other students proudly and made me converse with my class mates. On this day I expressed to her what she has meant to me. I hugged her and express my gratitude and respect as she was unlike other girls in the class. It was surprising when she wrote that sweet poem in my book which related to friendship and love. There were words from heart and is heart touching every time I read it. The picture taken with me and her on the birthday was the best picture in my graduation book. Her smile was radiant and always gave me positive vibes. I remember the day, when I approached her at home and requested for a picture for my book. And she came with a wrapper of chocolate that I have given her during my school days. She still had it, and she stuck that to my book and I could not ask for more. The wrapper still smelled of chocolate, it had the aroma of friendship and warm feeling she had for me. I could n

A health needs assessment of a community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

A health needs assessment of a community - Essay Example Hounslow is the ninth largest borough in London with an area of twenty two square miles. Chiswick lies to the east and Bedfont to the west. The borough has one thousand two hundred and thirty eight hectares of open space in the form of seventy four parks and recreation centres. The rivers Thames, Brent, Crane, Longford and Duke of Northumberland run through the borough. Hounslow has been historically related to transportation and related services. Hounslow has hotels and guest houses that serve passengers travelling via the Heathrow Airport, located nearby. The Hounslow residential area caters to diverse tastes. It has parks, nature reserves, leisure centres, a pedestrianised high street, facilities for shopping and entertainment, and theatres for lovers of drama, music and comedy. The town centre offers amenities such as the Treaty Center, cafes and the local library around the high street. The economy of Hounslow has been benefited by redevelopment around the region, especially by the creation of new business parks in Chiswick and Bedfont. This has attracted media, pharmaceuticals and technology companies to the borough, besides existing businesses such as GlaxoSmithKline and BSkyB. Residents are employed in the airport supply chain, in industries such as retail, catering, freight, transport, logistics and security. 212,341 people were living in Hounslow in 2001. 104,239 were males and 108,102 were females. The population density (per person hectares) was 37.93. 99.14 percent of the people were living in households. 6.71 percent of the people were less than 4 years old. 12.6 percent of the people were in the age group 10-19. 58.88 percent of the people were in the age group 20-59. The mean age of the population was 35.42 years. The median age of the population was 33 years. 166,863 people aged 16 and over in households. 53.2 percent of these were living in a couple. Among 168,609 people aged 16 and over, 37.7

Paradigm And Paradigm Shifts

Paradigm And Paradigm Shifts The word paradigm first appeared in English in the 15th century. It comes from Greek, meaning an example or pattern, and it still holds this meaning today. For nearly 400 years it has also been applied in varieties of grammatical properties including verbs, nouns, and other parts of speech of a language. In linguistics, Ferdinand de Saussure used it to refer to a class of elements with similarities. According to 1900 Merriam-Webster dictionary it is defined as a philosophical and theoretical framework of a scientific school or discipline within which theories, laws, and generalizations and the experiments performed in support of them are formulated; broadly: a philosophical or theoretical framework of any kind. From the 1960s onward, the word has been used in science to refer to a theoretical framework, as when Nobel Laureate David Baltimore cited the work of two colleagues that really established a new paradigm for the causation of cancer. Thereafter, researchers in many different fields tried to explore this concept. WHAT IS A PARADIGM? The historian of science, Thomas Kuhn was the first to use the term for science, and referred to the set of practices that define a scientific discipline at certain point in time. He meant something like a framework, a dominant way of thinking and doing things, shared expectations and rules. Further he termed something as disciplinary matrix. He also suggested that paradigms are discrete (separate) and culturally based. For example, a Chinese medical researcher, with an in-depth knowledge of eastern medicine, will live in a different paradigm than a purely western researcher. Alternatively, the Oxford English Dictionary defines paradigm as a pattern or model, an exemple. Thus an additional component of Kuhns definition of paradigm is that how is an experiment to be carried, and what equipment is available to carry the experiment. SCIENTIFIC PARADIGM A scientific paradigm, in the most basic sense of the word, is a framework containing all of the commonly accepted views about a subject, a structure of what direction research should take and how it should be performed (Shuttleworth, 2008). In 1962, Thomas Kuhn, in his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions defined scientific paradigm as what is to be discovered and inspected, the type of questions that are supposed to be asked and examined for answers in relation to this subject, how these questions are to be organized and how the results of scientific investigations should be analysed. WHAT IS A PARADIGMS ROLE? The philosopher, Thomas Kuhn suggested that scientific research does not progress towards truths, but is subject to belief and remaining emotionally attached to old theories. He gave four basic ways in which a paradigm indirectly influences the scientific process as mentioned above. A paradigm includes what is studied and researched, the kind of questions that are asked, the structure and nature of the questions and how the results of any research are interpreted. Kuhn believed that science required periods of patiently gathering data, in a paradigm, and then revolution occurred as the paradigm turn to maturity. A paradigm can include some errors but they eventually become impossible, like Ptolemys epicycles, and result in a paradigm shift. The new paradigm is not necessarily better than the old one but it is just different. For example, most psychologists weep at the mention of the Freudian paradigm. WHAT IS A PARADIGM SHIFT? Paradigm shifts are mostly used in sciences that appear to be stable and mature, at the end of the 19th century. A paradigm shift (or revolutionary science) is the term used but not named by Thomas Kuhn in his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions in 1962. Paradigm shift is a successive transition from one paradigm to another via revolution is the usual developmental pattern of mature science. Paradigm shift questions the paradigm itself. It is a change from one way of thinking to another. Its a revolution, a transformation. . It just does not happen, but rather it is driven by agents of change. It is when the model for a process or application or method changes significantly, typically because there has been a leap. Kuhn believes that a paradigm would make an unexpected leap from one to the next, called a shift, and the new paradigm could not be built upon the foundations of the old. The indirect meaning is that one has stepped off the road that the prior paradigm followed onto an intersecting and better road. The term paradigm shift has found uses in other contexts, representing the notion of a major change in a certain thought-pattern; a radical change in personal beliefs, complex systems or organizations, replacing the previous way of thinking or organizing with a radically different way of thinking or organizing. The Paradigm is closely related to the Platonic and Aristotelian views of knowledge. Aristotle believed that knowledge could only be based upon what is already known, the basis of the scientific method. Plato believed that knowledge should be judged by what something could become, the end result, or final purpose. Platos philosophy is more like the intuitive leaps that cause scientific revolution; Aristotles the patient gathering of data. For example, in physics Newtons Laws were an example of a paradigm, and scientists worked upon his principles for centuries. The discovery of the internal structure of the atom started to find problems in the theory, and Einstein provided the out of the box thinking that drew the paradigm in another direction. ELEMENTS OF PARADIGM SHIFT A successful paradigm shift requires four main elements. First is pressure for change, second is a clear shared vision, then capacity for change and actionable first step (Kurkela, 2009). If any of these elements is missing the result would be failure of paradigm. Paradigms affect that what kind of learning resources are required and these learning resources further influence what kind of paradigms can be used or developed. THE ROLE OF PARADIGM SHIFT Paradigm shifting can start with your trying-on of different existing paradigms. For example, a person has the attitude of being an actor taking on a new role for a season on the stage, or for the duration of a movie. He or she goes into it, knowing that it is for a limited time, and that they will emerge from it the other side. During the play or filming period he/she will adopt that character as it is real. Then again actor will put it down again afterwards. However, while in the play or during filming, the actor tries to become that character, and fulfill the requirement of the role to make it natural. EXAMPLES OF PARADIGM SHIFTS IN THE NATURAL SCIENCES The transition in cosmology from a Ptolemaic cosmology to a Copernican one. The transition in optics from geometrical optics to physical optics. The transition in mechanics from Aristotelian mechanics to classical mechanics. The acceptance of Charles Darwins theory of natural selection replaced Lamarckism as the mechanism for evolution. EXAMPLES OF PARADIGM SHIFTS IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES The movement, known as the Cognitive revolution, away from Behaviourist approaches to psychological study and the acceptance of cognition as central to studying human behaviour. The Keynesian Revolution is typically viewed as a major shift in macroeconomics.

Purchasing and Supply Chain Management

Purchasing and Supply Chain Management Assessment 1 Nessa’s Bar Report Course Code: BS1D75 Student Number: 08154619, 09046100, 09030883, 09046577, 09047735 Contents Page †¢1. 1. 1 Problem – Poor Organisation on Purchasing and Supply†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¢1. 1. 2 Solution – Poor Organisation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¢1. 2. 1 Problem – Purchasing Policy Procedures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¢1. 2. 1 Solutions – Purchasing Policy Procedures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¢1. 3. 1 Problem – Poor Management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¢1. 3. 2Solution – Poor Management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦.. †¢1. 4. 1 Problem – Costs/ Expenses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¢1. 4. 2 Solution – Costs/ Expenses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2. 0 Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¢3. 0 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¢4. 0 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¢5. 0 Bibliograpgy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1. 1. 1 Problem – Poor Organisation on Purchasing and Supply The business suffers from poor organisation in the purchase of supplies. The purchasing of goods and services for the business use is known as Procurement. There are three managers who all participate in the purchase of items; each person purchases items they think necessary often leading to double orders or items not being bought at all. There are several suppliers used some of which deliver while others operate a cash and carry policy, causing partners to use their own transport. Although several suppliers are utilised, the lack of regular custom by the company causes lack of interest by the suppliers and so the company misses out on priority service and possibly loyalty bonuses sometimes offered by these outlets designed to encourage repeat custom. Webster and wind (1972) Are concerned with sellers being aware of what buyers may be doing but also it should be important that buyers are aware of what seller are likely to do. A significant amount of stock is wasted due to the haphazard means of stock control. The company likes to have a well filled freezer to protect against low stock levels or unavailability of items, which in turn ties up capital unnecessarily. 1. 1. 1Solution – Poor Organisation A solution to this problem could be the hiring of a trained buyer who would control purchases made by the company. The advantage of this would be a single buyer would not order double quantities and excessive or unnecessary stock would not be purchased. As a result stock control would be easier to manage. Organised purchasing would help to keep stock levels steady and unnecessary goods would not be stock piled, thereby releasing capital allowing money to be used efficiently and cost effectively. Hiring an expert may seem expensive but could save significant amounts of money and time. Possibly one of the managers could take part in a purchase training programme to gain the skills as they already have inside understanding of the company and how it is run. This would prove cost efficient and save money on outsourcing. To solve the problem, the organisation could hire trained buyers to take over the three manager’s buying work. The advantages of hiring experts on buying stock for the organisation are that when there is only one person managing the buying, stock would be clearer and overlapping or lack of stock would be avoided. This could release the capital as stock would be more organised and money would be used more efficiently. However, hiring experts might be expensive and would be costly efficient for the organisation. In this case one of the managers could go on purchasing training program to gain skills in terms of buying, meaning the company will have a buying expert, who also knows the business well, and the company will not be wasting capital on hiring an external expert. 1. 2. 1Problem – Purchasing Policy Procedures The company experiences problems with paper work not matching the goods purchased. This has resulted in some suppliers banning the buyers from their establishment and refusing credit facilities as payment may have been overlooked or invoices mislaid and no payment being processed. The reputation of the company has been spoiled as non payment of invoices has caused it to be branded untrustworthy, subsequently it is not given priority as a respected business would be. Some suppliers expect cash on receipt of goods and this can cause a cash flow problem. Negative word of mouth may be passed around trade fairs or board meetings, which will have a negative impact on suppliers considering entering in to business with `Nessa’s Bar’. 1. 2. 2Solutions – Purchasing Policy Procedures A solution to this problem could be a change in the purchasing procedure of the company. In a mechanistic structure, authority is centralised at the summit of the managerial hierarchy and vertical authority is use to control human and material resources. Mechanistic structures operate most effectively in stable environments. † (Lysons, P158) A management structure needs to be established in which everyone understands their role within the company. Also a system for dealing with paperwork needs to be organised so that a good relationship can be developed between the company and its suppliers. 1. 3. 1Problem – Poor Management The company wastes a great deal of time on low value goods. Security is very expensive but necessary. The bar employs its own cleaning staff and purchase cleaning materials as needed but these disappear from the stockroom as there is no inventory method in place to control the use of these items. All members of staff have access to the stockroom and as there is no organisation there is no stock checking system. This ultimately leads to confusion with the buying of items as the company is unaware of the exact inventory of goods available for use and what needs to be purchased. . 3. 2Solution – Poor Management To solve the problem, the organisation could introduce VMI (Vendor Managed Inventory) â€Å"VMI is a collaborative strategy between a customer and supplier to optimize the availability of products at a minimal cost to the two companies. † (Baily, P 181) Suppliers take responsibility for managing the stock which is constantly monitored and updated. (Baily, P181) Time could then be utilised on other jobs rather than being spent on low value goods. This could be a problem as the supplier then controls the stock rather than the company, but any shortfalls would again become the responsibility of the company. â€Å"Acronyms for VMI include: CRP (continuous replenishment programs), SAIM (supplier-assisted inventory management), SAIR (supplier-assisted inventory replenishment), ECR (efficient consumer response). † (Lysons, P357) The organisation could outsource cleaning and security to professional companies as they would be more skilled and knowledgeable than the staff in the organisation. Outsourcing as: The strategic use of outside resources to perform activities traditionally handled by internal staff and resources. † (Baily, P115) It can be considered that outsourcing both cleaning and security could be expensive and there is no guarantee as to the standards of the work carried out, but the training of staff to carry out these services could cost even more. By outsourcing the less important work more time would be come available to be spent on core business operations. However there are disadvantages to outsourcing as Lacity and Hirscheim point out that; â€Å"†¦the employee culture is too fragmented or hostile for the organisation to come back together† (Lysons, P402). The employees from the outsourcing company might have a strong employee culture or different work ethics and find it difficult to fit into the working environment of Nessa’s Bar. 1. 4. 1 Problem – Costs/ Expenses The majority of expense faced by the company are; rent, staff wages, beverages, food and other consumables. The bar spends approximately ? 00k per annum on beverages with a further ? 60k being spent on foods and other consumables. 1. 4. 2 Solution – Costs/ Expenses A possible solution to these problems would be the reduction of staff employed at the business. Should cleaning and security be outsourced then the staff currently employed to carry out these tasks are no longer required and could be laid off. Well managed stock would save the com pany money as would developing a better relationship with suppliers who might offer discounts on goods and better delivery services. †¦requiring production when, and not before, a customer requires something, and the pursuit and elimination of waste in production and associated planning and purchasing†¦ †(Baily, P177) JIT can keep the stock level to be low in the organisation, which can prevent unnecessary capital to be stuck as stock. The utilisation of a VMI system for stock control could prove to be more cost effective for the company as the supplier takes responsibility for stock management. Suppliers have more experience of this kind of system and would ensure the smooth running of the stockroom. The company would receive higher levels of service as less time would be spent on low value goods and as there would be less stock wastage the company would achieve improved revenue. (Baily, P182) 2. 0 Recommendations 3. 0 Conclusion Currently there are problems with Nessa’s bar as it operates on an inefficient and disorganised system. Basic errors including order duplication, failing to pay suppliers, wasting time on low value goods, and a lack of purchasing knowledge has resulted in a loss of money, time and stock. Also the non payment of invoices has given the company a bad reputation with suppliers. The company could hire a professional buyer who specialises in purchasing goods thereby eradicating the possibility of mistakes being made when goods are ordered. Time would be saved by orders not being duplicated, items overstocked, or wasted on low value goods. If this is not a viable economic option then one of the three managers could be trained to assume the role and take on the responsibility for these tasks. One person would then make decisions, an advantage would be that they already have a working knowledge of the company and they are also known to the other managers from the outset. A centralised approach with just one national supplier would make purchasing easier and more cost effective for the company as they will reduce the amount of paperwork by receiving one invoice rather than several. This will assist ease of stock control and management. 4. 0 Reference Baily P. Purchasing Principles and Management, Financial Times/Pitman Publishing (Tenth edition) Lysons K. 2000) Purchasing and Supply Chain Management (5th Edition), Financial Times/Pitman Publishing Webster F and Wind Y (1972) Organisational buying behaviour, Prentice Hall, New York. American Marketing Association. (1995). Market research. Available: http://dis. shef. ac. uk/sheila/marketing/research. htm. Last accessed 28. Febuary 2010. R. Srinivasan. (1988). Brand Accounting-An Emerging Concept. Available: www. londonmba. o rg/†¦ /Brand%20Accounting-An%20Emerging%20Concept_by%20R. %20Srinivasan. doc. Last accessed 1 March 2010. 5. 0 Bibliography Kotler, P. & Armstrong, G. (2000) Principles of Marketing (9th edition) Prentice Hall.

A Review of Writingservices

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A Critique of OPEC, The Website Essay - 1775 Words

A Critique of â€Å"OPEC† – The Website OPEC stands for â€Å"Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries† and is comprised of the largest oil-producing nations of the world. Through OPEC, these Member Countries work together to control the price and availability of oil--one of the most significant commodities in today’s worldwide economy. Founded in September of 1960 with headquarters in Vienna, the OPEC organization is currently comprised of twelve member countries (History of OPEC, 1). OPEC’s mission is defined in a formal organizational statute that identifies their role â€Å"to coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of its Member Countries and ensure the stabilization of oil markets in order to secure an efficient, economic and regular†¦show more content†¦In â€Å"History of OPEC,† Rousseau (1998) outlines the negative effect of this collaboration by highlighting OPEC’s responsibility in two critical historical events: the October War and the Persian Gulf War. As d emonstrated in the 1973 October War between Egypt and Israel, and the 1990 Persian Gulf War between Kuwait and Iraq, the global oil market impacts much more than the economy. Rousseau stated that â€Å"the OPEC countries did not want to reduce prices, for fear that they would undermine their whole pricing structure, lose their economic and political gains, and so diminish their political influence† (Rousseau, 1998). OPEC serves a seemingly essential purpose, though differing agendas for financial gain and political influence make success impossible among separated countries. The general purpose is meant to prevent countries from producing too much oil which would drive down the price, thereby reducing profits. It is an interesting idea, but it is impossible to believe that individual countries join forces to manage the supply and demand of oil production in order to ensure that everyone makes a profit: someone will cheat. It would be important to keep oil-producing countries on a â€Å"budget† that defines the number of millions of barrels of oil that is allowed to be produced by a country daily. If the members of the OPEC organization were â€Å"impartial† without concern for individual prosperity, thenShow MoreRelatedPrinciples of Microeconomics Fifth Canadian Edition20085 Words   |  81 PagesPrice Elasticity of Supply and Its Determinants 105 Computing the Price Elasticity of Supply 106 The Variety of Supply Curves 106 Three Applications of Supply, Demand, and Elasticity 109 Can Good News for Farming Be Bad News for Farmers? 109 Why Did OPEC Fail to Keep the Price of Oil High? 111 Does Drug Interdiction Increase or Drecrease Drug-Related Crime? 113 Conclusion 115 Summary 115 Key Concepts 115 Questions for Review 116 Problems and Applications 116 PART 3 SUPPLY AND DEMAND II: MARKETSRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesauthorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, website www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, (201)748-6011, fax (201)748-6008, website http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. To order books or for customer service please, call 1-800-CALL WILEY (225-5945). Library of CongressRead MoreTestbook Answers112756 Words   |  452 Pagesprobabilities include all information you have up to just prior to analyzing the CG Ltd. financial statements. They could include information based on an analysis of CG’s past financial statements, plus other news to date about the company from media, websites, speeches by company officials, analyst forecasts, etc. They could also include the results of a study of the current market price of CG shares. If share price is low, this would indicate an unfavourable market evaluation of future prospects,Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesabout what managers actually do from day to day. He further faulted management textbooks for introducing students to the leading theories about management while ignoring what is known about effective management practice. Sympathetic to Mintzberg’s critique, we set out to identify the defining competencies of effective managers. Although no two management positions are exactly the same, the research summarized in the Introduction highlights ten personal, interpersonal, and group skills that form the